BiP-specific immunostaining of growth plates of 10-week-old mice.

<p>A, ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice; B, ^NB-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice; C, ^1w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice; D, ^2w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. Bars = 20 μm.</p

A graphic representation of measurements of the height of the hypertrophic zones and (A) the acellular areas (B).

<p>Data from the NB-Dox, the 1w-Dox, and the 2w-Dox mice from the 7-week-old and the 10-week-old age groups are presented. Data from the ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) and ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(-) mice are also shown (-Dox). The means with 95% CI are indicated. Symbols: ■ R992C-ProGFP(+) 7-week-old; ● R992C-ProGFP(-) 7-week-old; □ R992C-ProGFP(+) 10-week-old; ○ R992C-ProGFP(-) 10-week-old.</p

Immunostaining of collagen VI in 10-week-old mice.

<p>A, B, C, D, and E, collagen VI distribution in articular cartilage. F, G, H, I, and J, collagen VI distribution in growth plates. A&F, ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice with constant expression of the R992C mutant. B&G, ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(-) mice in which the mutant is not expressed. C&H, ^NB-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. D&I, ^1w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. E&J, ^2w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. Bars = 25 μm.</p

The general morphology of tibial growth plates of mice from the 7-week-old (A, B, C, D, and E) and 10-week-old (F, G, H, I, and J) groups.

<p>A&F, ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice in which expression of the R992C mutant is constant. B&G, ^(-)DoxR992C-ProGFP(-) mice in which the mutant is not expressed. C&H, ^NB-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. D&I, ^1w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. E&J, ^2w-DoxR992C-ProGFP(+) mice. Bars = 50 μm.</p

A summary of measurements of the heights of hypertrophic zones and the acellular areas of growth plates.

<p>A summary of measurements of the heights of hypertrophic zones and the acellular areas of growth plates.</p

Piezoelectric Tensor of Collagen Fibrils Determined at the Nanoscale

Piezoelectric properties of rat tail tendons, sectioned at angles of 0, 59, and 90° relative to the plane orthogonal to the major axis, were measured using piezoresponse force microscopy. The piezoelectric tensor at the length scale of an individual fibril was determined from angle-dependent in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric measurements. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient for individual fibrils at the nanoscale was found to be roughly an order of magnitude greater than that reported for macroscopic measurements of tendon, the low response of which stems from the presence of oppositely oriented fibrils, as confirmed here