Results of the experiments.

<p>Results of the experiments.</p

Post-challenge serum antibody isotype responses of vaccinated and control rats to ES products of adult flukes.

<p>(A) IgG1. (B) IgM. (C) IgA. (D) IgE. Group G–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW enzyme flanked by Gly-rich linkers; Group U–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW protein fused with ubiquitin; Group C–Lyophilised control lettuce; Group N–None. At each timepoint, four rats from each group were euthanised and dissected. *Indicates significantly increased numbers of cells (<i>p</i><0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation.</p

Post-challenge serum antibody isotype responses of vaccinated and control rats to recombinant cysteine proteinase.

<p>(A) IgG1. (B) IgM. (C) IgA. (D) IgE. Group G–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW enzyme flanked by Gly-rich linkers; Group U–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW protein fused with ubiquitin; Group C–Lyophilised control lettuce; Group N–None. At each timepoint, four rats from each group were euthanised and dissected. *Indicates significantly increased numbers of cells (<i>p</i><0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation.</p

Leukocyte responses in the blood of vaccinated and control rats to challenge infections.

<p>(A) eosinophils. (B) monocytes. (C) CD4+ T lymphocytes. (D) CD8+ T lymphocytes. Group G–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW enzyme flanked by Gly-rich linkers; Group U–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW protein fused with ubiquitin; Group C–Lyophilised control lettuce; Group N–None. At each timepoint, four rats from each group were euthanised and dissected. *Indicates significantly increased numbers of cells (<i>p</i><0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation.</p

Leukocyte responses in the peritoneal cavity of vaccinated and control rats to challenge infections.

<p>(A) eosinophils. (B) monocytes. (C) CD4+ T lymphocytes. (D) CD8+ T lymphocytes. Group G–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW enzyme flanked by Gly-rich linkers; Group U–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW protein fused with ubiquitin; Group C–Lyophilised control lettuce; Group N–None. At each timepoint, four rats from each group were euthanised and dissected. *Indicates significantly increased numbers of cells (<i>p</i><0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation.</p

Schematic representation of the construct encoding fusion proteins.

<p>(A) mCPFhW::C construct consists of the sequence encoding mature CPFhW (nt 319–976) ligated to the 5' end of the sequence encoding HBcAg(T) (nt 1903–2451). (B) pCPFhW::C construct consists of the sequence encoding the propeptide of CPFhW (nt 46–318) ligated to the 5' end of the sequence encoding HBcAg(T). (C) mCPFhW::G::C construct consists of the sequence encoding HBcAg(T) with an insertion encoding the mature CPFhW flanked by Gly-rich linkers ((Gly)₄-Ser-(Gly)₄-Gln-(Gly)₂). The mature CPFhW flanked at both ends by glycine residues is ligated between nt 2120 and 2151 of the sequence encoding HBcAg(T). (D) U::mCPFhW construct consists of a ubiquitin sequence spanning nt 767–995 ligated to the 5' end of the sequence encoding mature CPFhW.</p

T lymphocyte responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated and control rats to challenge infections.

<p>(A) CD4+ cells. (B) CD8+ cells. Group G–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW enzyme flanked by Gly-rich linkers; Group U–Lyophilised lettuce expressing the mature CPFhW protein fused with ubiquitin; Group C–Lyophilised control lettuce; Group N–None. At each timepoint four rats from each group were euthanised and dissected. *Indicates significantly increased numbers of cells (<i>p</i><0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation.</p