Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism for studies of chromosome segreration.

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.02.49–42Received 04. April 2015 ǀ Accepted 11. May 2015 ǀ Available online 29. June 2015Cell division is one of the key condition of development and reproduction of animals, plants, microorganisms and humans. Therefore, the study of the cell cycle has enormous relevance to the health, well-being, and biology of all living organisms, including growth and development of organisms, deseases such as cancer, to aging. Thus, it is of great importance to study and understand the process of regulation and implementation of the cell cycle on molecular basis. Two types of cell division evolved through evolution, namely mitosis and meiosis. Whereas mitotic events lead to generation of genetically identical cells, the main task of meiosis is to reduce the content of the genetic material by half, and thereby ensuring genetic variability and diversity. We study progress and regulation of chromosome segregation in meiosis using simple model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe because basic molecular mechanism shares common principles in animals, humans, plants and unicellular organisms.Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cell cycle, meiosi

Studies on regulation of the cell cycle in fission yeast.

All living organisms including plants and animals are composed of millions of cells. These cells perform different functions for the organism although they possess the same chromosomes and carry the same genetic information. Thus, to be able to understand multicellular organism we need to understand the life cycle of individual cells from which the organism comprises. The cell cycle is the life cycle of a single cell in the plant or animal body. It involves series of events in which components of the cell doubles and afterwards equally segregate into daughter cells. Such process ensures growth of the organism, and specialized reductional cell division which leads to production of gamets, assures sexual reproduction. Cell cycle is divided in the G1, S, G2 and M phase. Two gap-phases (G1 and G2) separate S phase (or synthesis) and M phase which stays either for mitosis or meiosis. Essential for normal life progression and reproduction is correct chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Defects in the division program lead to aneuploidy, which in turn leads to birth defects, miscarriages or cancer. Even thou, researchers invented much about the regulation of the cell cycle, there is still long way to understand the complexity of the regulatory machineries that ensure proper segregation of chromosomes. In this paper we would like to describe techniques and materials we use for our studies on chromosome segregation in the model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe

To ventilate or not to ventilate during bystander CPR — A EuReCa TWO analysis

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low. For every minute without resuscitation the likelihood of survival decreases. One critical step is initiation of immediate, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this subgroup analysis of data collected for the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest Study number 2 (EuReCa TWO) was to investigate the association between OHCA survival and two types of bystander CPR namely: chest compression only CPR (CConly) and CPR with chest compressions and ventilations (FullCPR). Method: In this subgroup analysis of EuReCa TWO, all patients who received bystander CPR were included. Outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation and survival to 30-days or hospital discharge. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with survival as the dependent variable was performed. Results: A total of 5884 patients were included in the analysis, varying between countries from 21 to 1444. Survival was 320 (8%) in the CConly group and 174 (13%) in the FullCPR group. After adjustment for age, sex, location, rhythm, cause, time to scene, witnessed collapse and country, patients who received FullCPR had a significantly higher survival rate when compared to those who received CConly (adjusted odds ration 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.83). Conclusion: In this analysis, FullCPR was associated with higher survival compared to CConly. Guidelines should continue to emphasise the importance of compressions and ventilations during resuscitation for patients who suffer OHCA and CPR courses should continue to teach both