Characteristic tetanus infection in disaster-affected areas: case study of the Yogyakarta earthquakes in Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the contamination of wounds from bacteria that live in soil. The tetanus mortality rate remains high in developing countries affected by natural disasters. Whether the socio-demography and geographical conditions may influence the tetanus treatment outcome on the earthquake situation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia has not been investigated.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We present 26 tetanus patients who were admitted to eight hospitals following the earthquakes that occurred on May, 27, 2006, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The independent variables were age, gender, distance, admission, hospitalization, and type of hospital with the dependent variable surviving or perishing. Data were analyzed by logistic regression methods on SPSS 17.0. The distance from the patient's place of residence to the hospital were obtained and analyzed by using geospatial tools MapInfo 7.8 SCP and Global Mapper 7. Eight of the 26 patients were dead (30.8%) and statistical results showed that the distance (OR = 1.740, 95% CI = 1.068–2.835) and type of hospital (OR = 0.067, 95% CI = 0.001–3.520) were significant predictors of death.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings show that in order to reduce the mortality rates, performing triage systems based on the distance and type of hospital priority for internally displaced persons could be proposed as well as making provisions for the generally old population in order to prevent an outbreak of tetanus following earthquakes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.</p

Characteristics and risk factors for typhoid fever after the tsunami, earthquake and under normal conditions in Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although typhoid transmitted by food and water is a common problem in daily life, its characteristics and risk factors may differ in disaster-affected areas, which reinforces the need for rapid public health intervention. Surveys were carried out post-tsunami in Banda Aceh, post-earthquake in Yogyakarta, and under normal conditions in Bandung, Indonesia. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors with the dependent variable of typhoid fever, with or without complications.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Characteristic typhoid fever with complications was found in 5 patients (11.9%) affected by the tsunami in Aceh, 8 (20.5%) after the earthquake in Yogyakarta, and 13 (18.6%) in Bandung. After the tsunami in Aceh, clean water (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01-0.47) and drug availability (OR = 0.23; 95%CI: 0.02-2.43) are significant independent risk factors, while for the earthquake in Yogyakarta, contact with other typhoid patients (OR = 20.30; 95%CI: 1.93-213.02) and education (OR = 0.08; 95%CI: 0.01-0.98) were significant risk factors. Under normal conditions in Bandung, hand washing (OR = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01-0.50) and education (OR = 0.08; 95%CI: 0.01-0.64) emerged as significant risk factors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The change in risk factors for typhoid complication after the tsunami in Aceh and the earthquake in Yogyakarta emphasizes the need for rapid public health intervention in natural disasters in Indonesia.</p

インドネシアにおける情報通信技術の導入に関する研究～救急医療通信システムとモバイルテレビの受容を中心として～

インドネシアのような発展途上国においては、情報通信技術（ICT）の導入を改善することによって、多くの問題を解決できる可能性がある。しかしながら、その導入は、資源的制約やサービス知識の不足のため、困難に直面しているのが実情である。この研究の目的は、先進国で実現されているICT サービスを参考にし、その知識移転を通じて、インドネシアにおけるICT 導入の改善を図ることにある。低高度プラットホーム(LAP)システムは、いくつかの先進国で実現されている先進的救急医療通信システムの代替案として提案したシステムである。実証実験の結果、LAP システムが、天災による非常時の救急医療通信システムとして、インドネシアで利用可能であることを示した。インドネシアにおけるモバイルテレビのユーザ当りの収益性が低いのは、ユーザがこのサービスを利用したがらないためであると考えられる。知識移転の要件を探るため、インドネシア人と日本人のモバイルテレビ利用者の比較を行うこととした。このため、Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)を拡張したモデルを構築し、インドネシアと日本人のユーザについて調査し、潜在的要因の解明を図った。その結果、サービス範囲の限定性とサービス知識の欠如が、インドネシアにおけるモバイルテレビのユーザ支持に作用していることが見出された。この研究は、インドネシアにおけるICT サービスの提供を適切なものとし、導入の速度を向上させるためには、ICT 導入における現実の問題を理解することが不可欠であることを示している。先進国におけるICT サービスの知識を獲得する研究は、インドネシアにおけるICT 導入問題に対する理解の改善に資することができると考える。Improving Information and Communication Technology (ICT) advancement indeveloping country like Indonesia has potential to solve a wide range of health, social andeconomic problems. However, Indonesia faces serious ICT difficulties such asinsufficient funding to deployment strategic service and slow adoption rate to catch upICT advancement. The aim of this study is to further our understanding the ICT adoptionin Indonesia in order to deploy appropriate ICT services by acquire knowledge ofadvancement ICT services in developed countries.Indonesia requires an ad hoc communication system which supports the emergencycommunications capabilities to search, rescue, and recovery operations during acatastrophic event such as natural disaster which frequently occurred in Indonesia. Wepropose a prototype Low Altitude Platform (LAP) system as an alternative solution tosubstitute advancement emergency medical communication systems in several developedcountries. The experiment result shows that only with limited resource the LAP systemprovides an excellent option for emergency medical communications system for naturaldisaster in Indonesia.The low average revenue per user for mobile TV service in Indonesia seems toindicate an unwillingness of customers using this service. Comparative study employingour extended Technology Acceptance Model was conducted between Indonesian andJapanese mobile TV consumer in order to understand potential determinants that explaindifference user acceptance in Indonesia and Japan. The empirical results show that lack ofattitude toward mobile TV and limited of service availability are responsible to slowadoption rate of mobile TV service in Indonesia.Understanding the actual problems of ICT adoption is truly essential in order toprovide appropriate and increasing adoption rate of ICT services in Indonesia. Weconclude from this study that acquire knowledge of advancement ICT service indeveloped countries improves our understanding to determine problems ICT adoption inIndonesia.電気通信大学201