МИКРОКОМПОНЕНТЫ ПИЩЕВЫХ СИСТЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ ЖИВОТНОГО И ДРУГИХ ВИДОВ СЫРЬЯ. ОБЗОР

The problems of the microcomponent composition of modern food systems based on natural raw materials are considered. It is shown  that modern methods of physical and chemical analysis make it  possible to establish the presence of both useful and unsafe microimpurities with a level of their content in the production  from 0.001 to 1–5 mg / kg. The effect of microquantities of free amino and fatty acids, as well as carbohydrates and vitamins,  on the flavor and aromatic characteristics of systems is discussed. Some aspects of the presence of introduced  microcomponents, which include pesticides, antibiotic and  chemotherapeutic drugs, hormonal regulators, polyaromatic  hydrocarbons and some other toxicants, as well as microingredients  formed in products under the influence of biochemical processes during storage are considered. As such microingredients, biogenic amines and other products of transformation of macrocomponents are considered.Рассмотрены вопросы микрокомпонентного состава современных пищевых систем на основе природных видов сырья. Показано, что методы физико-химического анализа позволяют  сегодня устанавливать наличие как полезных, так и небезопасных микропримесей с  уровнем содержания в продукции от 0,001 до 1–2 мг/кг. Обсуждается влияние микроколичеств свободных амино- и жирных кислот, а также углеводов и витаминов на  вкусо-ароматические характеристики систем. Рассмотрены некоторые аспекты наличия  привнесенных микрокомпонентов, к которым отнесены пестициды, антибиотические и химиотерапевтические  препараты, гормональные регуляторы, полиароматические углеводороды и некоторые другие  токсиканты, а также микроингредиенты, образующиеся в продуктах под воздействием  биохимических процессов при хранении. В качестве таких микроингредиентов рассматриваются биогенные амины и другие продукты трансформации макрокомпонентов

Label-Free Optical Detection of Biomolecular Translocation through Nanopore Arrays

In recent years, nanopores have emerged as exceptionally promising single-molecule sensors due to their ability to detect biomolecules at subfemtomole levels in a label-free manner. Development of a high-throughput nanopore-based biosensor requires multiplexing of nanopore measurements. Electrical detection, however, poses a challenge, as each nanopore circuit must be electrically independent, which requires complex nanofluidics and embedded electrodes. Here, we present an optical method for simultaneous measurements of the ionic current across an array of solid-state nanopores, requiring no additional fabrication steps. Proof-of-principle experiments are conducted that show simultaneous optical detection and characterization of ssDNA and dsDNA using an array of pores. Through a comparison with electrical measurements, we show that optical measurements are capable of accessing equivalent transmembrane current information

Additives based on hydrolysates from animal raw materials for food psycho-emotional products

The process of enzymatic hydrolysis of meat and bone raw materials of animal origin to obtain a protein product with a high content of individual essential amino acids that affect the psycho-emotional state is described. The amino acid and fractional composition of the product is presented, which is obtained due to the high dispersion of the feedstock. The developed methodology will contribute to the involvement of littleused waste of food raw materials in the target turnover