The experimental images of the stable cone-jet mode for increasing outer liquid flow rate of (a) 0.5 mL/h, (b) 0.7 mL/h, (c) 0.9 mL/h, (d) 1.1 mL/h.

<p>Inner solution: 50:50 v/v distilled water and EG, 0.5 mL/h; Outer solution: 60 mg/mL PLGA in 50:50 v/v dichloromethane and acetonitrile. The applied electric voltages are +5 kV, +3.5 kV, 0 kV, and -5 kV on the coaxial needle, the ring electrode #1, the ground electrode #2 and the bottom ring electrode #3, respectively.</p

Characterization of core-shell structured PLGA MPs: (a) SEM imaging, (b) Confocal imaging, and (c) size distribution.

<p>Inner solution: 50:50 v/v distilled water and EG, 2 mL/h; Outer solution: 60mg/mL PLGA in 50:50 v/v dichloromethane and acetonitrile with small amount of Nile red, 0.5 mL/h. The applied electric voltages are +6 kV, +4 kV, 0 kV, and -6 kV on the coaxial needle, the ring electrode #1, the ring electrode #2 and the bottom ring electrode #3, respectively.</p

Experimental CES system.

<p>(a) schematic of the experimental setup for the CES process, and (b) corresponding picture of the coaxial needle and the first two ring electrodes.</p

TUNEL cell death experiment of MPs and ranibizumab injection.

<p><b>Retinas are harvested from eyes that are one day after injection.</b> Sections from left to right: (1) 20 μL saline+BSA as control; (2) 200μg/20μL MPs; (3) 20μg/20μL MPs; (4) 2μg/20μL MPs; (5) 200μg/20μL ranibizumab. Sections from top to bottom are labeled or stained with: (a) Dual channel for TUNEL and DiI; (b) DRAQ5; (c) Merged images. The calibration bar (100 μm) in panel (c5) applies to all images.</p

Microglia reaction of MPs and ranibizumab injection.

<p><b>Retinas are harvested from eyes that are one day after injection.</b> Sections from left to right: (1) 20 μL saline+BSA as control; (2) 200μg/20μL MPs; (3) 20μg/20μL MPs; (4) 2μg/20μL MPs; (5) 200μg/20μL ranibizumab. Sections from top to bottom are labeled or stained with: (a) Mouse anti-CD45; (b) DRAQ5; (c1-c4) DiI; (c5) Goat anti-human IgG1; (d) Merged images. The calibration bar (100 μm) in panel (d5) applies to all images.</p

Comparison of ranibizumab concentration after freeze drying (red bar), mechanical force (blue bar), and high voltage electrospray from 0 kV to 9 kV (green bars).

<p>The data are presented as mean ± SD from three consecutive ELISA tests.</p

Microglia reaction of 200μg/20μL MPs injection.

<p><b>Retinas are harvested from eyes that are twelve days after injection.</b> Sections from left to right: (1) 20 μL saline+BSA as control; (2) 200μg/20μL MPs. Sections from top to bottom are labeled or stained with: (a) Mouse anti-CD45; (b) DRAQ5; (c) DiI; (d) Merged images. The calibration bar (100 μm) in panel (d2) applies to all images.</p

<i>In vitro</i> release profile of Rhodamine-6G and Rhodamine-6G encapsulated MPs in saline.

<p>(a) The changes of UV-VIS spectrometer intensity versus Rhodamine-6G concentration. Absorbance at 527 nm is used to build the standard curve. (b) Linear relationship between the UV-VIS spectrometer intensity versus Rhodamine-6G concentration. (c) <i>In vitro</i> release profile of Rhodamine-6G and Rhodamine-6G encapsulated MPs in saline. Red circles and the corresponding curve represent the concentration percentage of pure Rhodamine-6G in saline on various days as the control group. Blue rectangles and the corresponding curve represent the concentration percentage of Rhodamine-6G encapsulated MPs in saline on various days. Green line is the linear fit of release profile of Rhodamine-6G encapsulated MPs in saline. The experimental data are presented as mean ± SD from three sample tests at the same conditions.</p