Relationship of IRS1 expression with body mass index or M value.

<p>Relative IRS1 protein expression according to body mass index (A) or to M value (B) and fold increase in IRS1 expression according to body mass index (r = −0.36; p = 0.10) (C) or to M value (r = 0.27; p = 0.23) (D).</p

Relationship of PKB phosphorylation with body mass index or M value.

<p>Relative PKB phosphorylation according to body mass index (A) or to M value (B) and fold increase in PKB phosphorylation by insulin according to body mass index (r = −.38; p = 0.09) (C) or to M value (r = 0.4; p = 0.08) (D).</p

Fold activation of ERK by insulin according to body mass index or M value.

<p>(A) Body mass index (r = 0.73; p = 0.0009) or (B) M value (r = 0.52; p = 0.04).</p

Relationship between whole body insulin sensitivity and body mass index, lean body mass and percentage fat mass.

<p>Whole body insulin sensitivity (M value; mg/kg/min) and A) body mass index (kg/m²), B) lean body mass (kg) and C) percentage fat mass.</p

Relationship of ERK phosphorylation with body mass index or M value.

<p>Relative ERK phosphorylation according to body mass index (A) or to M value (B) and fold increase in ERK phosphorylation by insulin according to body mass index (r = 0.4; p = 0.07) (C) or to M value (r = 0.59; p = 0.08) (D).</p

Representative Western blots.

<p>Body mass indices (BMI) are shown in parentheses and effects of fasting (−) or insulin (+).</p

Summary table.

<p>The study group is presented from the lower to the higher M-value, demonstrating clustering of signalling abnormalities stratified in ascending order according to the induction of signalling changes in response to insulin. Least potent induction is ranked as lowest L1 to L4; most potent induction is ranked as highest H1 to H4.</p

Comparison of whole body standardised atheroma score (WB-SAS) and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) by Fontaine Score.

<p>WB-SAS and ABPI rest is given as mean ± SD. ABPI exercise is given as median (IQR).</p

The different sequence parameters used for the 4 stations of WB-MRA.

<p>The different sequence parameters used for the 4 stations of WB-MRA.</p

Diagram of the whole body magnetic resonance angiography stations and arterial segments.

<p>Maximum intensity projection image derived from the whole body angiogram from a typical patient in the study lies on the far left. To the right of this are the 4 overlapping 3D volume acquisitions acquired with a breakdown of the 31 arterial segments according to which station they are acquired in.</p