Additional file 3: of Facultative methanotrophs are abundant at terrestrial natural gas seeps

Table S4. Methylocella-specific mmoX abundance. (XLSX 1606 kb

Additional file 2: of Facultative methanotrophs are abundant at terrestrial natural gas seeps

Table S2. Bacterial abundance assessed by 16S rRNA. (XLSX 147 kb

Additional file 1: of Facultative methanotrophs are abundant at terrestrial natural gas seeps

Supplementary information. (PDF 1546 kb

Fungal Duel between <i>Penicillium brasilianum</i> and <i>Aspergillus nomius</i> Results in Dual Induction of Miktospiromide A and Kitrinomycin A

Cocultivation of the fungi Penicillium brasilianum MST-FP1927 and Aspergillus nomius MST-FP2004 resulted in the reciprocal induction of two new compounds, miktospiromide A (1) from A. nomius and kitrinomycin A (2) from P. brasilianum. A third new compound, kitrinomycin B (3), was also identified from an axenic culture of P. brasilianum, along with the previously reported compounds austalide K (4), 17S-dihydroaustalide K (5), verruculogen (6), and fumitremorgin B (7). The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and DFT calculations, while 4–7 were identified by comparison to authentic standards. The genome of A. nomius MST-FP2004 was sequenced, and a putative biosynthetic gene cluster for 1 was identified. Compound 2 showed activity against murine melanoma NS-1 cells (LD99 7.8 μM) and the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetus (LD99 4.8 μM)

Banksialactones and Banksiamarins: Isochromanones and Isocoumarins from an Australian Fungus, <i>Aspergillus banksianus</i>

Chemical investigation of an Australian fungus, <i>Aspergillus banksianus</i>, led to the isolation of the major metabolite banksialactone A (<b>1</b>), eight new isochromanones, banksialactones B–I (<b>2</b>–<b>9</b>), two new isocoumarins, banksiamarins A and B (<b>10</b> and <b>11</b>), and the reported compounds, clearanol I (<b>12</b>), dothideomynone A (<b>13</b>), questin (<b>14</b>), and endocrocin (<b>15</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>11</b> were established by NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations were determined from optical rotations and ECD spectra in conjunction with TD-DFT calculations. The secondary metabolite profile of <i>A. banksianus</i> is unusual, with the 11 most abundant metabolites belonging to a single isochromanone class. Conjugation of <b>1</b> with endocrocin, 5-methylorsellinic acid, 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid, mercaptolactic acid, and an unknown methylthio source gave rise to five unprecedented biosynthetic hybrids, <b>5</b>–<b>9</b>. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, with hybrid metabolites <b>7</b>–<b>9</b> displaying weak cytotoxic and antibiotic activities

Comparison of One- and Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography Approaches in the Label-free Quantitative Analysis of <i>Methylocella silvestris</i>

The proteome of the bacterium <i>Methylocella silvestris</i> has been characterized using reversed phase ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) and two-dimensional reversed phase (high pH)–reversed phase (low pH) UPLC prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Variations in protein expression levels were identified with the aid of label-free quantification in a study of soluble protein extracts from the organism grown using methane, succinate, or propane as a substrate. The number of first dimensional fractionation steps has been varied for 2D analyses, and the impact on data throughput and quality has been demonstrated. Comparisons have been made regarding required experimental considerations including total loading of biological samples required, instrument time, and resulting data file sizes. The data obtained have been evaluated with respect to number of protein identifications, confidence of assignments, sequence coverage, relative levels of proteins, and dynamic range. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement was observed between the different approaches, and the potential benefits and limitations of the reversed phase–reversed phase UPLC technique in label-free analysis are discussed. A preliminary screen of the protein regulation data has also been performed, providing evidence for a possible propane assimilation route