Temperature in a refuge and Houses 1–3 at various times of day.

<p>Temperature is expressed as the mean difference between the temperature in the refuge or house and the temperature in a Stevenson screen, so that if the difference is negative the temperature in the refuge or house was lower than in the screen. Vertical bars through the plots indicate the 95% confidence limits of the mean. Some plots are slightly displaced horizontally to ensure that the bars are not confused. Houses 1, 2 and 3 had roofs of thatch, asbestos and tin, respectively.</p

Catches from various treatments of House 1, and from a trap and refuges.

<p>Total catches of each sex and species of tsetse in a number of days in Aug 2009 to Aug 2010, the mean daily catch of all sexes and species combined, and the 95% confidence limits of the mean.</p

Catches from houses used with various types of window.

<p>Total catches of each sex and species of tsetse during 14 days in Aug–Sep 2010, the mean daily catch of all sexes and species combined, and the 95% confidence limits of the mean.</p

Percent distribution of uterine contents of catches at the trap (A), refuges (B) and Houses 1–3 (C).

<p>L1, L2 and L3 are first, second and third instar larvae, respectively. Sample sizes for the trap, refuges and houses were 80, 54 and 85, respectively, for <i>G. m. morsitans</i> and 601, 47 and 295, respectively, for <i>G. pallidipes</i>.</p

Percent distribution of ovarian categories of catches at the trap (A), refuges (B) and Houses 1–3 (C).

<p>Based on pooled data for all months. Sample sizes for the trap, refuges and houses were 86, 59 and 98, respectively, for <i>G. m. morsitans</i> and 627, 50 and 307, respectively, for <i>G. pallidipes</i>.</p

Plan view of Houses 1–3.

<p>In House 1 the internal glass windows and internal doors were always open; the external E door was always closed. The external W door of House 1, the external doors of Houses 2 and 3, and the external glass windows of all houses were open or closed as described in the text.</p

Catches from various houses with distinctive roofs, in two experiments.

<p>Total catches of each sex and species of tsetse in a number of days, the mean daily catch of all sexes and species combined, and the 95% confidence limits of the mean.</p

Diurnal pattern of catches of the trap (A), refuges (B) and House 1 (C) at various seasons.

<p>The catch at each bait at each inspection time at each season is shown as a percent of the total catch for the bait and season. The refuge data refer to the pooled catches of all three refuges. Sample sizes are shown in parentheses in the legends. Only two <i>G. pallidipes</i> were caught in refuges in the cool season, both at 1500 h, and these catches are not shown. Temperatures indicated for each season are the mean maximum of daily screen temperatures, with the range in parentheses.</p

Catches from Epsilon traps with and without men, and from men alone, in Expts 2 and 3.

<p>Detransformed mean daily catches. Means not associated with the same letter differ at the 0.05 level of probability. In all treatments involving a trap, catches were made in the trap cage. When the men were alone they used hand-nets to catch tsetse from themselves, and when with a trap, they either used no hand-nets (Trap+men) or made hand-net catches from themselves and the outside of the trap (Trap+men with hand-nets). In the latter case, the catches from the trap cage were pooled with those by hand-nets before analysis.</p

Uterine contents of female <i>G. m. morsitans</i> from (A) men, (B) ox and (C) traps.

<p>Percent distribution of uterine contents of female <i>G. m. morsitans</i> in ovarian categories>0, from (A) men, (B) ox and (C) traps. Sample sizes of 189, 78 and 270 for men, ox and traps, respectively.</p