Family Structure and Pediatric Outcomes in Ohio

Objective: The number of single-parent households has been trending upwards since the early 1900s. Studies in the past have evaluated the effects single-parent households have on pediatric outcomes nationwide. This study attempts to build upon these past studies by analyzing whether these findings remain when looked at the State level, for Ohio 2020, as well as see if the percent of children in single-parent households can predict child mortality. Methods: Data was collected from publicly available data sets through County Health Rankings. This study utilizes SPSS for data analysis. ANOVA with post-hoc was performed to compare children in single-parent household percentages across the Midwest for 2020. A paired t-test was performed to compare children in single-parent household percentages from Ohio 2016 to Ohio 2020. Two correlations were performed to view any correlation between the percentage of children in single-parent households and teenage birth rate for Ohio 2020, and between the percentage of children in single-parent households and percent uninsured children for Ohio 2020. A stepwise linear regression was used to determine how the percentage of children in single-parent households can account for the variance in child mortality for Ohio 2020. Results: Ohio has the highest percentage of children in single-parent homes at 32.31%, but is only statistically significant when compare to Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Nebraska. The percentage in Ohio has risen significantly from 2016, 31.23% to 2020, 32.31%. The percentage of children in single-parent household correlates with the teenage birth rate, and can account for 26.8% of the variance in child mortality for Ohio 2020

Once a Mortgage, Always a Mortgage - The Use (and Misuse) of Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity Investments

The mortgage remains one of the most common and successful techniques to finance real estate transactions. In the last 25 years, mortgage loans have also been sold in the secondary market and included in mortgage-backed securitizations. The amazing growth of mortgage securitizations has also led to the development of novel financing techniques, including mezzanine financing and preferred equity investments.This article discusses the historical development of real estate financing from the early beginning of mortgage law and the equity of redemption through the modern advent of mortgage-backed securitizations (MBS) and other non-traditional financings. It argues that the phenomenal success of real estate securitizations along with the growth and power of the national credit rating agencies gave birth to two new popular non-traditional financing techniques - mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments. Employing a detailed explanation of the legal structure and basic underpinnings of mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments, this article argues that lawyers carefully structure mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments to avoid many of the borrower protections associated with junior mortgages, and that these new financing techniques are simply modern day mortgage substitutes. The article concludes that courts should apply traditional property law and recharacterize these financings, thereby treating junior mortgages, mezzanine loans, and preferred equity financings similarly

Risks and Realities of Mezzanine Loans

The last decade has witnessed an astounding increase in new real estate financing techniques, including mezzanine loans. These new financings are not directly secured by real estate and do not even directly involve land. In the real estate industry, mezzanine financing typically refers to a loan secured principally by the borrower\u27s equity in other entities. Both economically and legally, the value of the mezzanine borrower\u27s collateral derives solely from its indirect ownership of the underlying property. This article provides a detailed description of the legal structure of mezzanine loans. In addition, this article evaluates the hazards, legal risks and uncertainties inherent in mezzanine financings and the way in which the market fails to adequately take these factors into account. This article shows that mezzanine lenders face significant risks both at the origination of their loans and later on if there is an event of default. At loan origination, lenders are faced with complex rules for the creation, attachment and perfection of liens on their collateral. Later on, a mezzanine lender is faced with other risks if the mezzanine borrower defaults and the lender must actually foreclose upon its collateral. In this article, Professor Berman also argues that the recent subprime mortgage crisis offers a cautionary tale for many of the hazards that may be looming in the near future for the mezzanine loan market, that mezzanine lenders must better understand and evaluate these hazards, and that the legal system needs to produce clearer rules on these non-traditional financings. In particular, Professor Berman contends that mezzanine lenders ought to proceed with caution - to tighten up their underwriting standards, strengthen their loan documentation, and review the ready availability of capital to questionable projects

Ancillary Agreements in Real Estate Transactions

This article discusses certain ancillary but important documents in the context of two common real estate transactions: mortgage loan financings and acquisitions of income-producing real estate. In particular, the article analyzes current case law and drafting considerations relating to estoppel certificates, certified rent rolls and subordination, non-disturbance agreements (SNDAs). In addition, the article examines due diligence issues for the lender and buyer. Note: This article was co-authored with Barry Hines, Partner, Frost, Brown, Todd LLC and Everett Ward, Partner, Quarrels & Brady LLP and initially presented at the Spring Meeting of the American College of Real Estate Lawyers (ACREL)

The Architects of Eighteenth Century English Freemasonry, 1720 - 1740

Following the appointment of its first aristocratic Grand Masters in the 1720s and in the wake of its connections to the scientific Enlightenment, ‘Free and Accepted’ Masonry rapidly became part of Britain’s national profile and the largest and arguably the most influential of Britain’s extensive clubs and societies. The new organisation did not evolve naturally from the mediaeval guilds and religious orders that pre-dated it, but was reconfigured radically by a largely self-appointed inner core. Freemasonry became a vehicle for the expression and transmission of the political and religious views of those at its centre, and for the scientific Enlightenment concepts that they championed. The ‘Craft’ also offered a channel through which many sought to realise personal aspirations: social, intellectual and financial. Through an examination of relevant primary and secondary documentary evidence, this thesis seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of contemporary English political and social culture, and to explore the manner in which Freemasonry became a mechanism that promoted the interests of the Hanoverian establishment and connected and bound a number of élite metropolitan and provincial figures. A range of networks centred on the aristocracy, parliament, the magistracy and the learned and professional societies are studied, and key individuals instrumental in spreading and consolidating the Masonic message identified. The thesis also explores the role of Freemasonry in the development of the scientific Enlightenment. The evidence suggests that Freemasonry should be recognised not only as the most prominent of the many eighteenth century fraternal organisations, but also as a significant cultural vector and a compelling component of the social, economic, scientific and political transformation then in progress

A New Approach to the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer: Nanocrystal Composites for Heterojunction Optoelectronics

We report a simple one pot process for the preparation of lead sulphide (PbS) nanocrystals in the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV, and we demonstrate electronic coupling between the two components.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, accepted Chem. Comm

The zebrafish xenograft platform-A novel tool for modeling KSHV-associated diseases

Kaposi\u27s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus-8) is a gammaherpesvirus that establishes life-long infection in human B lymphocytes. KSHV infection is typically asymptomatic, but immunosuppression can predispose KSHV-infected individuals to primary effusion lymphoma (PEL); a malignancy driven by aberrant proliferation of latently infected B lymphocytes, and supported by pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors produced by cells that succumb to lytic viral replication. Here, we report the development of the firs