INDCOR white paper on the Design of Complexity IDNs

This white paper was written by the members of the Work Group focusing on design practices of the COST Action 18230 - Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representation (INDCOR, WG1). It presents an overview of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) design for complexity representations through IDN workflows and methodologies, IDN authoring tools and applications. It provides definitions of the central elements of the IDN alongside its best practices, designs and methods. Finally, it describes complexity as a feature of IDN, with related examples. In summary, this white paper serves as an orienting map for the field of IDN design, understanding where we are in the contemporary panorama while charting the grounds of their promising futures

Shoulder hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture outcomes after more than two decades: A case series

Background: Proximal humerus fractures can be fixed with shoulder hemiarthroplasty when joint preserving strategies are not feasible. Current literature has explored the outcomes of this intervention with short- and mid-term follow-up showing favorable results. However, since humerus fractures can occur in young individuals, it is important that we understand the long-term outlook of this treatment option. Case details: Five patients who had fractures of the proximal humerus underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty here. At a average follow-up of 24.5 years, all patients were found to have acceptable patient-reported outcomes sustained range of motion, and no patient required a revision procedure. Patients achieved an average of 50°, T12, and 125° for external rotation, internal rotation, and forward elevation, respectively. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, Visual Analog Scale scores were 74/100, 8/12, and 2/10 on average, respectively. None of the five patients were found to have infection or wound complications. Radiographs showed that no patient had identifiable humeral lucency or glenohumeral joint inferior or anterior subluxation. Conclusion: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a viable surgical intervention for comminuted proximal humeral fractures. Over the long-term (i.e., >20 years), patients can expect sustained improvements in shoulder range of motion and acceptable function

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Ballistic Component Damage From an Intra-articular Missile

Gunshot wounds (GSWs) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are increasingly common, yet a GSW to a TKA is a rare injury. A 60-year-old man sustained an intra-articular GSW to a prior TKA. The patient was scheduled for irrigation and debridement with polyethylene liner exchange. Intraoperatively, the new polyethylene liner was unable to engage the tibial tray. Damage to the locking mechanism on the tibial tray was suspected so total revision proceeded. Upon inspection of the explanted components, it was noted that a bullet fragment offline from the missile trajectory had blocked the locking of the polyethylene liner in the tibial tray. Expeditious antibiotics should be given and meticulous debridement should be performed to avoid unnecessary total component revision

Iron oxide nanoparticle toxicity testing using high throughput assays and high content imaging

Applying validated in vitro assays to the study of nanoparticle toxicity is a growing trend in nanomaterial risk assessment. Precise characterisation of reference nanomaterials and a well-regulated in vitro testing system are required to determine the physicochemical descriptors which dictate the toxic potential of nanomaterials. The use of high throughput, automated technologies to facilitate the identification and prioritization of nanomaterials which could pose a risk is desirable and developments are underway. Mammalian cells were treated with a range of concentrations of iron oxide nanomaterials manufactured for use in medical diagnostics, using a high throughput platform and high content imaging end-points for cell viability, ROS-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage (double strand breaks). At the same time, the comet assay was employed to measure single and double strand breaks (SBs) and oxidised bases in DNA. Our results show that for iron oxide nanomaterials, these methods provide a fast way to determine the lowest effective concentration and predict the mechanism of toxicity in vitro.JRC.F.3-Chemicals Safety and Alternative Method