OSTEOMA CUTIS ASSOCIADO À DERMATITE CRÔNICA PROVOCADA POR SUCESSIVOS PROCESSOS INFLAMATÓRIOS: RELATO DE CASO

Osteoma cutis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of bone tissue in the layer of the dermis and hypodermis. It has uncertain etiopathogenesis, which is based on two main theories, the embryological disorder with accumulation of mesenchymal cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and the theory of the phenomenon of metaplasia of mesenchymal cells that directly form fibroblasts that produce bone tissue in anomalous sites. One of its possible etiologies is chronic inflammation caused by other conditions. This report presents the case of a 55-year-old patient who presented osteoma cutis, with a history of dermatological lesions associated with significant exposure to the sun, which gradually evolved over time.  With emphasis on the lesions: non-granulomatous rosacea and acne. The objective of this report is to describe the course of the disease and its clinical-histological characteristics. The report describes the course of the disease and discusses relating to risk factors and progression with chronicity, but lacks different sources on the disease, thus illustrating the need for further studies on the subject to elucidate the outcome of the disease.El osteoma cutis es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por la presencia de tejido óseo en la capa de la dermis y la hipodermis. Tiene etiopatogenia incierta, que se basa en dos teorías principales, el trastorno embriológico con acumulación de células mesenquimales que se diferencian en osteoblastos y la teoría del fenómeno de la metaplasia de células mesenquimales que forman directamente fibroblastos que producen tejido óseo en sitios anómalos. Una de sus posibles etiologías es la inflamación crónica causada por otras afecciones. Este relato presenta el caso de un paciente de 55 años que presentó osteoma cutis, con antecedentes de lesiones dermatológicas asociadas a una exposición significativa al sol, que evolucionó gradualmente con el tiempo.  Con énfasis en las lesiones: rosácea no granulomatosa y acné. El objetivo de este informe es describir el curso de la enfermedad y sus características clínico-histológicas. El informe describe el curso de la enfermedad y discute la relación con los factores de riesgo y la progresión con cronicidad, pero carece de diferentes fuentes sobre la enfermedad, lo que ilustra la necesidad de más estudios sobre el tema para dilucidar el resultado de la enfermedad.Osteoma cutis é uma doença rara caracterizada pela presença de tecido ósseo na camada da derme e hipoderme. Possui etiopatogenia incerta, a qual se baseia em duas principais teorias, a desordem embriológica com acúmulo de células mesenquimais que se diferenciam em osteoblastos e a teoria do fenômeno de metaplasia de células mesenquimais que diretamente formam fibroblastos que produzem tecido ósseo em locais anômalos. Uma de suas possíveis etiologias é a inflamação crônica provocada por outras afecções. Nesse relato é apresentado o caso de uma paciente, de 55 anos, que apresentou osteoma cutis, com antecedentes de lesões dermatológicas associadas à exposição importante ao sol, as quais evoluíram gradativamente com o tempo.  Com destaque para as lesões: rosácea não granulomatosa e acne. O objetivo desse relato é descrever o curso da doença e suas características clínico-histológicas. O relato descreve o curso da doença e discute relacionando com fatores de risco e progressão com cronificação, porém carece de diferentes fontes sobre a enfermidade, dessa forma, ilustra a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o assunto para elucidar o desfecho da doença.Osteoma cutis é uma doença rara caracterizada pela presença de tecido ósseo na camada da derme e hipoderme. Possui etiopatogenia incerta, a qual se baseia em duas principais teorias, a desordem embriológica com acúmulo de células mesenquimais que se diferenciam em osteoblastos e a teoria do fenômeno de metaplasia de células mesenquimais que diretamente formam fibroblastos que produzem tecido ósseo em locais anômalos. Uma de suas possíveis etiologias é a inflamação crônica provocada por outras afecções. Nesse relato é apresentado o caso de uma paciente, de 55 anos, que apresentou osteoma cutis, com antecedentes de lesões dermatológicas associadas à exposição importante ao sol, as quais evoluíram gradativamente com o tempo.  Com destaque para as lesões: rosácea não granulomatosa e acne. O objetivo desse relato é descrever o curso da doença e suas características clínico-histológicas. O relato descreve o curso da doença e discute relacionando com fatores de risco e progressão com cronificação, porém carece de diferentes fontes sobre a enfermidade, dessa forma, ilustra a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o assunto para elucidar o desfecho da doença

Apoptosis related microRNAs and MGMT in glioblastoma cell lines submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and temozolomide

AimTo evaluate the effect of radiotherapy and temozolomide on the expression of miRNAs apoptotic (miRNAs-21, -221, -222 (anti-apoptotic) and miRNAs-15a, -16 (pro-apoptotic)) and the gene MGMT in glioblastoma cell lines.BackgroundThe limited knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant gliomas may hinder the development of therapeutic modalities. In this scenario, one of the greatest advances of recent years was the identification of microRNAs. These molecules have an important role in biological processes involving cancer, including glioblastoma.Materials and methodsTrypan blue was used to verify the cell viability, and real time PCR to quantify the expression of microRNAs and gene 24, 48 and 120 h after exposure to treatments.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease of expression of miR-15a between 48 and 120 h in line T98 G treated with radiation, increased expression of miR-15a between 24 and 120 h in line U251 treated with radiation and temozolomide, and increased expression of miR-16 between 24 and 120 h in line U251 treated with radiation alone and when combined with temozolomide. There was a decrease in MGMT gene expression, between 24 and 48 h in U343 cells treated with temozolomide.ConclusionsIonizing radiation and temozolomide modified the expression of miRNAs studied and MGMT

Expression of NMDA receptor and microRNA-219 in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the control group, the microRNA-219 in brain tissue was less expressed in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the blood, this microRNA had lower expression in alcoholic and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. In the brain tissue the NMDA gene expression was greater in the ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic groups. Conclusion: A possible modulation of NMDA by microRNA-219 was observed with an inverse correlation between them

Expression of microRNAs miR-21 and miR-326 associated with HIF-1α regulation in neurospheres of glioblastoma submitted to ionizing radiation treatment

Background: Glioblastoma is an incurable neoplasm. Its hypoxia mechanism associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) demonstrates hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression regulation, which is directly related to tumor malignancy. The aim of this study was to identify a possible tumor malignancy signature associated with regulation of HIF-1α by microRNAs miR-21 and miR-326 in the subpopulation of tumor stem cells which were irradiated  by ion in primary culture of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Materials and methods: We used cellular cultures from surgery biopsies of ten patients with glioblastoma. MicroRNA expressions were analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlated with mortality and recurrence. The ROC curve displayed the cutoff point of the respective microRNAs in relation to the clinical prognosis, separating them by group. Results: The miR-21 addressed high level of expression in the irradiated neurosphere group (p = 0.0028). However, miR-21 was not associated with recurrence and mortality. miR-326 can be associated with tumoral recurrence (p = 0.032) in both groups; every 0.5 units of miR-326 increased the chances of recurrence by 1,024 (2.4%). Conclusion: The high expression of miR-21 in the irradiated group suggests its role in the regulation of HIF-1α and in the radioresistant neurospheres. miR-326 increased the chances of recurrence in both groups, also demonstrating that positive regulation from miR-326 does not depend on ionizing radiation treatment

High expression of XIAP and Bcl-2 may inhibit programmed cell death in glioblastomas

ABSTRACT Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma and represents 29% of all brain tumors. Tumorigenesis is intimately connected with characteristics acquired in the physiologic pathway of cellular death. Objective: In the present study, the expression of anti-apoptotic (XIAP and Bcl-2) and apoptotic (cytochrome C, caspase 9, APAF-1), caspase 3 and the Smac/DIABLO genes related to the apoptosis pathway were evaluated in 30 samples of glioblastoma. Methods: The gene expression was evaluated in 30 glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) and compared to 10 white matter control samples with real-time PCR. Results and Conclusion: There were higher expressions of XIAP (p = 0.0032) and Bcl-2 (p = 0.0351) in the glioblastoma samples compared to the control samples of normal brain. These results raise the question of whether Bcl-2 and XIAP genes can be responsible for the inhibition of programmed cell death in glioblastomas. Moreover, they provide additional information capable of allowing the development of new target therapy strategies