7,127 research outputs found
Allosteric Modulation Balances Thermodynamic Stability and Restores Function of ÎF508 CFTR
Most cystic fibrosis is caused by a deletion of a single residue (F508) in CFTR that disrupts the folding and biosynthetic maturation of the ion channel protein. Progress towards understanding the underlying mechanisms and overcoming the defect remain incomplete. Here we show that the thermal instability of human ÎF508 CFTR channel activity evident in both cell-attached membrane patches and planar phospholipid bilayers is not observed in corresponding mutant CFTRs of several non-mammalian species. These more stable orthologs are distinguished from their mammalian counterparts by the substitution of proline residues at several key dynamic locations in the first nucleotide domain (NBD1), including the structurally diverse region (SDR), the gamma phosphate switch loop and the Regulatory Insertion (RI). Molecular Dynamic analyses revealed that addition of the prolines could reduce flexibility at these locations and increase the temperatures of unfolding transitions of ÎF508 NBD1 to that of the wild-type. Introduction of these prolines experimentally into full-length human ÎF508 CFTR together with the already recognized I539T suppressor mutation, also in the SDR, restored channel function and thermodynamic stability as well as its trafficking to and lifetime at the cell surface. Thus, while cellular manipulations that circumvent its culling by quality control systems leave ÎF508 CFTR dysfunctional at physiological temperature, restoration of the delicate balance between the dynamic proteinâs inherent stability and channel activity returns a near-normal state
History effects and pinning regimes in solid vortex matter
We propose a phenomenological model that accounts for the history effects
observed in ac susceptibility measurements in YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 84, 4200 (2000) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 504 (2001)]. Central to the
model is the assumption that the penetrating ac magnetic field modifies the
vortex lattice mobility, trapping different robust dynamical states in
different regions of the sample. We discuss in detail on the response of the
superconductor to an ac magnetic field when the vortex lattice mobility is not
uniform inside the sample. We begin with an analytical description for a simple
geometry (slab) and then we perform numerical calculations for a strip in a
transverse magnetic field which include relaxation effects. In calculations,
the vortex system is assumed to coexist in different pinning regimes. The
vortex behavior in the regions where the induced current density j has been
always below a given threshold (j_c^>) is described by an elastic Campbell-like
regime (or a critical state regime with local high critical current density,
j_c^>). When the VS is shaken by symmetrical (e.g. sinusoidal) ac fields, the
critical current density is modified to j_c^) at
regions where vortices have been forced to oscillate by a current density
larger than j_c^>. Experimentally, an initial state with high critical current
density (j_c^>) can be obtained by zero field cooling, field cooling (with no
applied ac field) or by shaking the vortex lattice with an asymmetrical (e.g.
sawtooth) field. We compare our calculations with experimental ac
susceptibility results in YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. To be published in PR
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Z boson production in Pb+Pb collisions at âSnn = 5.02 TeV measured by the ATLAS experiment
The production yield of Z bosons is measured in the electron and muon decay channels in Pb+Pb collisions at âS = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Data from the 2015 LHC run corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.49 nb are used for the analysis. The Z boson yield, normalised by the total number of minimum-bias events and the mean nuclear thickness function, is measured as a function of dilepton rapidity and event centrality. The measurements in Pb+Pb collisions are compared with similar measurements made in proton-proton collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity for all centrality intervals. The results are compared with theoretical predictions obtained at next-to-leading order using nucleon and nuclear parton distribution functions. The normalised Z boson yields in Pb+Pb collisions lie 1-3Ï above the predictions. The nuclear modification factor measured as a function of rapidity agrees with unity and is consistent with a next-to-leading-order QCD calculation including the isospin effect. nn -
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Measurement of Azimuthal Anisotropy of Muons from Charm and Bottom Hadrons in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13ââTeV with the ATLAS Detector.
The elliptic flow of muons from the decay of charm and bottom hadrons is measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13ââTeV using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 150ââpb^{-1} recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muons from heavy-flavor decay are separated from light-hadron decay muons using momentum imbalance between the tracking and muon spectrometers. The heavy-flavor decay muons are further separated into those from charm decay and those from bottom decay using the distance-of-closest-approach to the collision vertex. The measurement is performed for muons in the transverse momentum range 4-7 GeV and pseudorapidity range |η|<2.4. A significant nonzero elliptic anisotropy coefficient v_{2} is observed for muons from charm decays, while the v_{2} value for muons from bottom decays is consistent with zero within uncertainties
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Inclusive J/Ï production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at âs = 5.02 TeV
Inclusive J/Ï production is studied in minimum-bias proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 5.02 TeV by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron decay channel down to zero transverse momentum pT, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Lint = 19.4 ± 0.4 nbâ1. The measured pT-integrated inclusive J/Ï production cross sec- tion is dÏ/dy = 5.64 ± 0.22(stat.) ± 0.33(syst.) ± 0.12(lumi.) ÎŒb. The pT-differential cross section d2Ï/dpTdy is measured in the pT range 0â10 GeV/c and compared with state-of- the-art QCD calculations. The J/Ï ăpTă and ăpT2ă are extracted and compared with results obtained at other collision energies. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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Measurement of Î (1520) production in pp collisions at âs=7TeV and pâPb collisions at âsNN=5.02TeV
The production of the Î (1520) baryonic resonance has been measured at midrapidity in inelastic pp collisions at s=7TeV and in pâPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV for non-single diffractive events and in multiplicity classes. The resonance is reconstructed through its hadronic decay channel Î (1520) â pK - and the charge conjugate with the ALICE detector. The integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are calculated from the measured transverse momentum distributions in pp and pâPb collisions. The mean transverse momenta follow mass ordering as previously observed for other hyperons in the same collision systems. A Blast-Wave function constrained by other light hadrons (Ï, K, KS0, p, Î) describes the shape of the Î (1520) transverse momentum distribution up to 3.5GeV/c in pâPb collisions. In the framework of this model, this observation suggests that the Î (1520) resonance participates in the same collective radial flow as other light hadrons. The ratio of the yield of Î (1520) to the yield of the ground state particle Î remains constant as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, suggesting that there is no net effect of the hadronic phase in pâPb collisions on the Î (1520) yield
Measurement of J/Ï production in association with a W ± boson with pp data at 8 TeV
A measurement of the production of a prompt J/Ï meson in association with a W± boson with W± â ΌΜ and J/Ï â ÎŒ+ÎŒâ is presented for J/Ï transverse momenta in the range 8.5â150 GeV and rapidity |yJ/Ï| < 2.1 using ATLAS data recorded in 2012 at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fbâ1. The ratio of the prompt J/Ï plus W± cross-section to the inclusive W± cross-section is presented as a differential measurement as a function of J/Ï transverse momenta and compared with theoretical predictions using different double-parton-scattering cross-sections. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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Measurement of charged jet cross section in pp collisions at s =5.02 TeV
The cross section of jets reconstructed from charged particles is measured in the transverse momentum range of
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