Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/3/16</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2007;3():16-16.</p><p>Published online 2 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1965463.</p><p></p>t the mean values from 8 animals, with bars indicating ± SEM. Corresponding control experiments in which animals received anesthesia and injections only are depicted as black horizontal lines with grey columns representing ± SEM. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (paired Student's test with Bonferroni correction) at ≤ 0.016. Note the reduction in body weight for three days and the decrease in food consumption for two days after laparotomy without pain treatment

Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/3/16</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2007;3():16-16.</p><p>Published online 2 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1965463.</p><p></p>eviation of interbeat interval [SDNN, milliseconds (ms)] relative to baseline (i.e., normal values taken the day before the experiment) are plotted over time. Symbols indicate 12-hour means (bars indicate ± SEM). Corresponding control experiments in which animals received anesthesia and injections only are depicted as black horizontal lines with grey columns representing ± SEM. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (= 8, paired Student's test with Bonferroni correction) at ≤ 0.008. Note increased heart rate values with decreased heart rate variability parameters [IBI, SDNN] during the first light phase (12–24 h) in operated animals without pain treatment

Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/3/16</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2007;3():16-16.</p><p>Published online 2 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1965463.</p><p></p>ddings surface (circles). The lower row illustrates Score 1 with an unstructured cage area and two nest-like resting places (arrows)

Changes in body weight, and food and water intake.

<p>Data were plotted over four days at sham injection, primary and booster immunization. The first data point of each series represents baseline values taken the day before an intraperitoneal injection (grey-filled symbols). Symbols indicate daily mean of eight mice per protocol, bars indicate SEM. Asterisks indicate statistical significance with p≤0.01.</p

Summary of local intra-abdominal side-effects.

<p>Summary of local intra-abdominal side-effects.</p

Telemetric assessment of vaccine reactogenicity.

<p>Heart rate [beats per minute, bpm], interbeat interval [milliseconds, ms], standard deviation of interbeat interval [milliseconds, ms], body core temperature [°C] and locomotor activity [counts] were recorded by telemetry and are displayed over three four-day periods at sham injection, primary and booster immunization, respectively (compare <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029726#pone-0029726-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>). The first data point of each series represents baseline values taken the day before an intraperitoneal injection (grey-filled symbols). Symbols indicate 24-hour means of eight mice per protocol, bars indicate SEM. Asterisks indicate statistical significance with p≤0.01. Note increased heart rate values with decreased interbeat interval and standard deviation of interbeat interval after primary and booster immunization with inactivated BHV-1 in Freund's adjuvant. Further, hyperthermia was noted after primary immunization, and depressed locomotor activity was recorded after primary and booster immunization with inactivated BHV-1 in Freund's adjuvant.</p

Experimental design.

<p>Eight mice per immunization protocol were equipped with telemetric transmitters for real-time, long-term recording of heart rate, interbeat interval, heart rate variability (standard deviation of interbeat interval), body core temperature and locomotor activity. Simultaneous clinical scoring included body weight measurements, as well as food and water consumption. Measurements were conducted over a period of four days (grey), the first of which served as individual baseline. Antibody responses were determined in serum samples collected two weeks after primary and booster immunization, respectively (triangles). Twenty-two mice without transmitter were treated analogously and were sacrificed for gross pathology of abdominal organs and blinded histological analysis of intestine, omentum, abdominal wall, and liver at three days after primary and booster immunization (arrows), respectively.</p