7,540 research outputs found
Analysis of the physical Laplacian and the heat flow on a locally finite graph
We study the physical Laplacian and the corresponding heat flow on an
infinite, locally finite graph with possibly unbounded valence
Tensor products of recurrent hypercyclic semigroups
We study tensor products of strongly continuous semigroups on Banach spaces
that satisfy the hypercyclicity criterion, the recurrent hypercyclicity
criterion or are chaotic.Comment: 6 pages. Final version to appear in J. Math. Anal. App
Mortality-Indexed Annuities
Longevity risk has become a major challenge for governments, individuals, and annuity providers in most countries, and especially its aggregate form, i.e. the risk of unsystematic changes to general mortality patterns, bears a large potential for accumulative losses for insurers. As obvious risk management tools such as (re)insurance or hedging are less suited to manage an annuity provider’s exposure to aggregate longevity risk, the current paper proposes a new type of life annuities with benefits contingent on actual mortality experience, and it also details actuarial aspects of implementation. Similar adaptations to conventional product design exist in investment-linked annuities, and a role model for long-term contracts contingent on actual cost experience is found in German private health insurance so that the idea is not novel in general, but it is in the context of longevity risk.
By not or re-transferring the systematic longevity risk insurers may avoid accumulative losses so that the primary focus in an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation is on the question of whether and to what extent such products are also advantageous for policyholders in contrast to a comparable conventional annuity product
A paper waste prediction model
The aim of this paper is to develop a model predicting the collected amount of
waste paper at the regional level of municipalities. Leaming about the factors
that influence the amount of collected paper is a prerequisite for the evaluation
and reorganization of collection systems. We hypothesize that the amount of
collected paper depends on both, the waste potential and factors which influence
the convenience such as the density of collection sites.
For this study, we use a sample of 649 municipalities. The data show a high
variance in terms of the collected waste paper per person and year between the
municipalities. We develop a multivariate regression model providing valuable
insights about the relationship between demographic parameters and the amount
of collected waste paper. Furthermore, in this novel approach we found a
significant positive impact of the convenience of the collection system
Zero-phonon linewidth and phonon satellites in the optical absorption of nanowire-based quantum dots
The optical properties of quantum dots embedded in a catalytically grown
semiconductor nanowire are studied theoretically. In comparison to dots in a
bulk environment, the excitonic absorption is strongly modified by the
one-dimensional character of the nanowire phonon spectrum. In addition to
pronounced satellite peaks due to phonon-assisted absorption, we find a finite
width of the zero-phonon line already in the lowest-order calculation.Comment: final version, to appear in Physical Review Letters (4 pages with 4
figures included, minor changes with respect to first version
Mortality-Indexed Annuities
Longevity risk has become a major challenge for governments, individuals, and annuity providers in most countries, and especially its aggregate form, i.e. the risk of unsystematic changes to general mortality patterns, bears a large potential for accumulative losses for insurers. As obvious risk management tools such as (re)insurance or hedging are less suited to manage an annuity provider’s exposure to aggregate longevity risk, the current paper proposes a new type of life annuities with benefits contingent on actual mortality experience, and it also details actuarial aspects of implementation. Similar adaptations to conventional product design exist in investment-linked annuities, and a role model for long-term contracts contingent on actual cost experience is found in German private health insurance so that the idea is not novel in general, but it is in the context of longevity risk. By not or re-transferring the systematic longevity risk insurers may avoid accumulative losses so that the primary focus in an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation is on the question of whether and to what extent such products are also advantageous for policyholders in contrast to a comparable conventional annuity product.Longevity risk; systematic risk; risk avoidance; mortality-indexed annuities
Education and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Review of the Empirical Literature
This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the link between education and wage inequality in Germany. The wage inequality is characterized by its stability, although a more detailed analysis reveals structural differences, especially between East and West Germany. Both the between and within educational levels wage inequality changed little over time, while there are some tendencies of a converging distribution of education. A need for further research is identified in the effects of education on wage inequality in separate cohorts as well as the direct links between the two distributions in Germany. --
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