Climate Change Increases Drought Stress of Juniper Trees in the Mountains of Central Asia - Fig 4

<p><b>Changes in juniper growth from the 1935–1964 to 1982–2011 period a) spatially interpolated from the 33 sites (black dots) and b) shown as a function of altitude.</b> Red dots denote the sites closest CRU grid point.</p

Changes in climate from the 1935–1964 to 1982–2011 period spatially interpolated from the climate data (CRU grid point, red dots) closest to the tree-ring sites (black dots) for a) winter (previous year December to current year February, pDJF) and b) summer (June–August; JJA) temperature and c) winter and d) summer precipitation.

<p>Changes in climate from the 1935–1964 to 1982–2011 period spatially interpolated from the climate data (CRU grid point, red dots) closest to the tree-ring sites (black dots) for a) winter (previous year December to current year February, pDJF) and b) summer (June–August; JJA) temperature and c) winter and d) summer precipitation.</p

Changes in climate response for the June–August (JJA) season of all 33 sites (black dots) with its closest CRU grid point dataset (red dots) from the 1935–1964 to 1982–2011 period.

<p>Differences in <b>a)</b> temperature and <b>c)</b> precipitation response were spatially interpolated. TRW sites with significant correlations for one of the periods are shown as a function of elevation for <b>b)</b> temperature (15 sites) and <b>d)</b> precipitation (22 sites) with the unfiltered and filtered (see legend and numbers in brackets) data.</p

Juniper sampling sites (black dots) and closest CRU grid point data (red dots) in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

<p>Westerly winds (A; orange arrow in inset) dominate the study area causing continental climatic conditions at the sites. Climate charts show absolute annual (numbers) and monthly temperature means (red shades) and precipitation sums (blue shades) for all CRU grid points for each region over the period 1961–1990. Monsoonal influences (blue arrows) are depicted for the Indian Summer Monsoon (B) and East Asian Summer Monsoon (C), respectively, while ITCZ stands for Intertropical Convergence Zone (purple line; after Lutgens and Tarbuck, 2001 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153888#pone.0153888.ref031" target="_blank">31</a>]). Topographic features are indicated by digital elevation model data in grey colors.</p