Criminal Law beyond the State: Popular Trials on the Frontier

Before the civil war, “lynching” signified all forms of group-inflicted punishments, including vigilantism and mob killings. By this definition, lynchings happen in every country. Only in America, however, was lynching widespread and socially accepted. Scholars say this shows that the American commitment to due process often succumbed to “vigilante values,” that is, the desire for speedy, certain and severe penalties. They contend that vigilante values triumphed on the frontier, where courts were weak and vigilance committees strong. This article demonstrates that this view must be substantially qualified because due process was of great concern to Americans on the frontier, especially with respect to members of their own communities. The core of the article is a comprehensive study of law in the California gold rush. The thousands of publications on lynching have simply missed this critical chapter in American legal history. Hundreds of accounts of lynchings or “trials” (the miners used the terms interchangeably) indicate that most suspects were tried before a judge and an impartial jury, and some were acquitted. Lynchings or trials in the gold mines often paralleled those on the overland trail studied by John Reid; this article suggests that similar trials were common on the frontier. Scholars have failed to distinguish these rather poorly documented proceedings from the activities of vigilance committees, thereby omitting an important factor in their studies of the American legal experience. The importance of due process to Americans, even in crowds, and even beyond the reach of the courts, must now be reassessed

Legal Fictions in \u3cem\u3ePierson v. Post\u3c/em\u3e

American courts and citizens generally take the importance of private property for granted. Scholars have sought to explain its primacy using numerous legal doctrines, including natural law, the Lockean principle of a right to the product of one\u27s labor, Law & Economics theories about the incentives created by property ownership, and the importance of bright line rules. The leading case on the necessity of private property, Pierson v. Post, makes all four of these points. This Article argues that Pierson has been misunderstood. Pierson was in fact a defective torts case that the judges shoe-horned into a property mold using legal fictions and antiquated \u27facts about foxhunting. Moreover at least one of the judges knew his arguments were farfetched. My conclusions undermine several theories about private property that are based on Pierson v. Post

Creating a Higher Education Content Strategy: A Manageable Approach for an Enterprise Solution

A university’s website is its “most critical marketing asset” (SimpsonScarborough, Pantheon & SiteImprove, 2021, p. 5). As digitally-savvy students weigh their options for their future, many make-or-break decisions are made by the value and usefulness of higher education institutions’ (HEIs) digital presence. Students bring specific queries for HEIs websites — how much is the tuition? Will I fit in on this campus? What kind of majors and minors do they offer? If HEIs make this content hard-to-find or confusing (or don’t display enough needed information), then prospective students will look elsewhere (National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2023).Master of Arts in Digital Communicatio

Creating a Higher Education Content Strategy: A Manageable Approach for an Enterprise Solution

Prospective students rely on university websites to give them an overview of the university, discover programs that match their interest and get the feel of campus to decide if this is where they apply. Many university websites, however, overwhelm interested students and parents by the sheer amount of content and content that isn’t what their website visitors are looking for. This research reviewed the scope and scale of content strategy in practice in public universities in the North Carolina System, and the results of this research found that budgetary constraints and a lack of manpower hinders the implementation of most content strategy principles. Collaborative leadership that understands the complexity of the higher education ecosystem is needed to mandate governance and to centralize the organizational structure. In many cases, organizational change is not feasible, so college communicators and site managers need tips on how to apply the principles of content strategy to the areas that they control.Master of Arts in Digital Communicatio

IVOA Recommendation: An IVOA Standard for Unified Content Descriptors Version 1.1

This document describes the current understanding of the IVOA controlled vocabulary for describing astronomical data quantities, called Unified Content Descriptors (UCDs). The present document defines a new standard (named UCD1+) improving the first generation of UCDs (hereafter UCD1). The basic idea is to adopt a new syntax and vocabulary requiring little effort for people to adapt softwares already using UCD1. This document also addresses the questions of maintenance and evolution of the UCD1+. Examples of use cases within the VO, and tools for using UCD1+ are also described

IVOA Recommendation: The UCD1+ controlled vocabulary Version 1.23

This document describes the list of controlled terms used to build the Unified Content Descriptors, Version 1+ (UCD1+). The document describing the UCD1+ can be found at the URL: http://www.ivoa.net/Documents/latest/UCD.html. This document reviews the structure of the UCD1+ and presents the current vocabulary

Young Adults with Cleft Lip and Palate: Are They Receiving Team Services?

It is widely acknowledged that a team approach is preferred practice and contributes to optimizing the surgical, dental, speech and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with CLP. Young adulthood often marks the transition from child-centered interdisciplinary care to adult-centered care. There is a paucity in literature relating to the transition of care for young adults with CLP. The purpose of this survey research is therefore to explore the CLP team practices regarding young adults with CLP

Stats NZ Integrated Data Population Explorer Prototype – using data visualisation to increase usability of large scale, complex and messy data

Introduction Stats NZ works with a range of organisations to provide the world-leading Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) to help improve New Zealanders’ lives. IDI is a critical tool in our government’s efforts to reduce poverty, improve health, and provide a growing, inclusive economy. It enables evidence-based insights, and measurement of government services. Objectives and Approach Users currently need a large degree of technical capability to access and use the IDI. Our Population Explorer Prototype is an integrated data digital product designed to increase the use and improve the usability of the IDI by reducing barriers for current researchers and new customer groups. Results The Population Explorer Prototype makes it easier and more efficient for new and existing users to gain insights from data by shifting from having to repeatedly carry out complex coding to get information in tables, to being able to “point and click” to see information in a range of visual, easy-to-understand formats. There is wide excitement in the data community about this product’s potential and implementing user feedback has been a key part of improving the product. Conclusion/Implications We have only scratched the surface of what is possible with integrated data, and the Population Explorer Prototype is the next frontier. The Population Explorer Prototype will unleash the power of data to change peoples’ lives to a wider range of researchers, while protecting privacy and security