Modelos artesanais no ensino e prática da técnica cirúrgica veterinária

A prática cirúrgica requer técnica adequada e habilidade manual. Diversas alternativas têm sido propostas ao uso de animais no ensino prático das técnicas cirúrgicas, como cadáveres, softwares, simuladores, entre outros. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar modelos de ensino e aprendizagem em técnica cirúrgica veterinária. Estudantes de medicina veterinária confeccionaram bastidores de incisão e sutura, suportes para fixar bananas, nos quais treinariam incisões e suturas, plataformas para simulação de ligadura de vasos, simuladores de parede abdominal e de aparelho genital feminino, para treino de ovariohisterectomia (OSH). Após terem recebido conhecimento teórico, puderam praticar as manobras nos modelos, ao longo do semestre. Os alunos responderam a um questionário de 5 pontos de Likert, por meio do qual se avaliou a percepção dos mesmos em relação ao método. As plataformas desenvolvidas mostraram-se úteis na prática de incisões, suturas e ligaduras, assim como no treinamento de OSH. Houve elevada frequência de respostas positivas favoráveis ao método, bem como alta frequência de respostas negativas em oposição ao mesmo (p<0,05).  Concluiu-se que os modelos foram efetivos no ensino e aprendizado de habilidades cirúrgicas básicas em técnica cirúrgica veterinária

An examination of the fear of COVID-19 and professional quality of life among nurses: A multicultural study

Aim To determine the factors that influence nurses' fear of COVID-19 and professional quality of life as well as their attitudes towards COVID-19 in four different countries. Background The emergence of COVID-19 has affected the psychological and professional quality of life of the frontline health care workers, especially nurses. Design An online cross-sectional multicultural study. Methods A total of 1071 nurses from Turkey, Brazil, Spain and Italy were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were invited to complete the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Professional Quality of Life Scale through online form from October 2020 to January 2021. Results It has been seen that nurses' fear of COVID-19 has been above the average and their professional quality of life has been affected negatively during the pandemic. Almost one out of three nurses (28.6%) thought of quitting their job during the pandemic. The majority of nurses (91.0%) thought their professional quality of life changed during the pandemic. The mean score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale is higher in nurses who are working in Brazil, are female, have a chronic illness and are working in an outpatient clinic. Professional quality of life is even lower in nurses who are younger than 40, have a professional experience of less than 15 years, are working in Brazil and have concerns about themselves and their relatives because of COVID-19. Conclusions It was determined that there was a relationship between fear of COVID-19 and professional quality of life subscales of nurses. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse leaders have an important role in supporting nurses actively during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and providing them with good working conditions, sufficient resources and rewards. In order for nurses to be able to cope with the challenges brought about by the pandemic, particularly the fear of COVID-19, and to avoid thoughts of quitting the profession, it would be beneficial to take certain administrative measures on institutional and territorial basis. It is recommended that employees with a chronic disease work in low-risk clinics, the number of nurses be increased in busier clinics, working hours be reduced and nurses be provided with psychosocial support by experts to cope with stress. On the other hand, effective infection control, personal protective measures and implementing institutional policies and protocols can help to reduce the fear of COVID-19 and increase their professional quality of life

Experiência subjetiva de idosas durante exercício em ambiente virtual

This quali-quantitative study aimed to verify subjective exercise experiences of older women before and after exercise sessions in actual and virtual conditions, as well as, the preferred exercise condition. The sample was composed by 20 older women (71.1±6.5 years-old) who practiced dance sessions in actual and virtual conditions, and answered the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES) before and after the activity. In virtual condition it was used the virtual game Just Dance I from the Nintendo Wii® console. In actual condition participants reproduced the same game movements, as demonstrated by the researcher. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analyses (p<0.05). Significant decrease was observed in the psychological distress score of SEES after both conditions. Increase in positive well being score was found only in the virtual condition. Most of the older women chose the actual condition as the preferred.Os objetivos desse estudo quali-quantitativo foram verificar as experiências subjetivas relacionadas ao exercício em idosas antes e depois da realização de atividade física em ambientes real e virtual, bem como a preferência pelo ambiente. A amostra foi composta por 20 idosas (71,1±6,5 anos) que executaram sessões de dança nos dois ambientes e responderam ao instrumento Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES) antes e depois da prática. Na situação virtual foi utilizado o jogo Just Dance I do console Wii® da Nintendo. Na situação real, cada participante reproduziu os mesmos movimentos demonstrados pela pesquisadora. Para a análise dos dados da SEES foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Houve redução significativa na pontuação da subescala distress psicológico da SEES após ambas as situações experimentais e aumento no bem-estar positivo apenas em ambiente virtual. A maioria das idosas escolheu o ambiente real como o preferido

Can Resveratrol Treatment Control the Progression of Induced Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

Resveratrol is an anti-inflammatory compound found in several foods. Periodontal disease (PD) is associated to other systemic diseases, and inflammation may be responsible for the association. Consequently, controlling inflammation not only may benefit oral health but also may assist with the management of other chronic inflammatory conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol administration on PD control in preclinical studies. A systematic search was performed for scientific articles using both electronic databases and a manual search using combinations of the following keywords: &#8220;resveratrol&#8221; OR &#8220;3,5,4&#8242;-trihydroxystilbene&#8221; AND &#8220;periodontal disease&#8221; OR &#8220;periodontitis&#8221; OR &#8220;gingivitis&#8221;. Only in vivo original studies investigating resveratrol treatment on experimental animal models of PD were selected. A quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Syrcle tool. The search returned 570 articles, and 11 matched the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis showed that resveratrol treatment attenuated alveolar bone loss (&#964;2 = 0.0041; 95% CI: &#8722;0.14; &#8722;0.04). The ARRIVE criteria reported a good quality of studies in general (mean score 28.5 &#177; 2.5). However, five Syrcle domains indicated a high risk of bias or did not present information clearly. We concluded that, in preclinical studies, resveratrol treatment prevented PD progression

Antitumor effect of selenium-rich Brazil nuts and selenomethionine dietary supplementation on pre-existing 4T1 mammary tumor growth in mice.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient known to play an important role in the antioxidant system that can potentially influence tumor growth. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Se supplementation after detection of 4T1 mammary tumor growth in BALB/c mice. Thirty female mice received subcutaneous inoculation of 4T1 cells. After five days, all animals presenting palpable tumors were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (Se-control) receiving a diet with adequate Se (0.15 mg/kg) and two other groups that received Se-supplemented diets (1.4 mg/kg of total Se) with either Brazilian nuts (Se-Nuts) or selenomethionine (SeMet). Data were assessed by either One or Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD or Bonferroni's post hoc tests, respectively. Both Se-supplemented diets reduced tumor volume from the thirteenth day of feeding compared with the Se-adequate (control) diet (p < 0.05). The SeMet group presented a higher Se blood concentration (p < 0.05) than the Se-control group, with the Se-Nuts group presenting intermediate values. Selenoprotein P gene expression in the liver was higher in the Se-Nuts group than in the Se-control group (p < 0.05), while the SeMet group presented intermediate expression. Dietary Se supplementation, starting after detection of 4T1 palpable lesions, reduced tumor volume in mice

Physical Exercise Improves Glycemic and Inflammatory Profile and Attenuates Progression of Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ)

The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the metabolism and progression of periodontal disease (PD), induced by ligature in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by four weeks of a hyperlipidic diet associated with a single low-dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg/animal). The exercise groups swam for 60 min/day for eight weeks (five times/week). In the last two weeks of exercise, a ligature was placed around the right and left mandibular first molars. The authors determined alveolar bone loss by morphometry. Blood biochemical profile and serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-&#945; were evaluated by colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. The diabetic animals subjected to exercise showed decreased alveolar bone loss, lower glycemia, triacylglycerols and glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the controls. Total cholesterol and its fractions (High density lipoprotein&#8212;HDL-c, Low density lipoprotein&#8212;LDL-c and Very low density lipoprotein&#8212;VLDL-c) remained similar among the groups. Animals with PD showed higher levels of TNF-&#945; and lower levels of IL-10, when compared to animals without PD. In diabetic animals with PD, physical exercise decreased TNF-&#945; levels and increased IL-10 levels as well as the IL10/TNF-&#945; ratio. In conclusion, eight weeks of physical exercise improved glycemic control and systemic inflammatory profile, and attenuated alveolar bone loss in rats with DM and PD

Antitumor effect of selenium-rich Brazil nuts and selenomethionine dietary supplementation on pre-existing 4T1 mammary tumor growth in mice

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient known to play an important role in the antioxidant system that can potentially influence tumor growth. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Se supplementation after detection of 4T1 mammary tumor growth in BALB/c mice. Thirty female mice received subcutaneous inoculation of 4T1 cells. After five days, all animals presenting palpable tumors were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (Se-control) receiving a diet with adequate Se (0.15 mg/kg) and two other groups that received Se-supplemented diets (1.4 mg/kg of total Se) with either Brazilian nuts (Se-Nuts) or selenomethionine (SeMet). Data were assessed by either One or Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD or Bonferroni’s post hoc tests, respectively. Both Se-supplemented diets reduced tumor volume from the thirteenth day of feeding compared with the Se-adequate (control) diet (p < 0.05). The SeMet group presented a higher Se blood concentration (p < 0.05) than the Se-control group, with the Se-Nuts group presenting intermediate values. Selenoprotein P gene expression in the liver was higher in the Se-Nuts group than in the Se-control group (p < 0.05), while the SeMet group presented intermediate expression. Dietary Se supplementation, starting after detection of 4T1 palpable lesions, reduced tumor volume in mice

Exercise and Beta-Glucan Consumption (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Improve the Metabolic Profile and Reduce the Atherogenic Index in Type 2 Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ)

Physical activity and the ingestion of dietary fiber are non-drug alternatives commonly used as adjuvants to glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Among these fibers, we can highlight beta-glucans. However, few studies have compared isolated and synergic effects of physical exercise and beta-glucan ingestion, especially in type 2 diabetic rats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects beta-glucan (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) consumption, associated or not to exercise, on metabolic parameters of diabetic Wistar rats. The diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) associated with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ—35 mg/kg). Trained groups were submitted to eight weeks of exercise in aquatic environment. In the last 28 days of experiment, animals received 30 mg/kg/day of beta-glucan by gavage. Isolated use of beta-glucan decreased glucose levels in fasting, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), the atherogenic index of plasma. Exercise alone also decreased blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and renal lesions. An additive effect for reducing the atherogenic index of plasma and renal lesions was observed when both treatments were combined. It was concluded that both beta-glucan and exercise improved metabolic parameters in type 2 (HFD/STZ) diabetic rats