Mineral and protein content of supplemental feed offered to Iberian red deer hinds at 1 kg individual⁻¹ day⁻¹, and mean mineral content in main chewed plant species present in the study area.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065461#pone-0065461-t001" target="_blank">Table 1A</a> shows the composition of the feed and vegetation, as well as their ratio. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065461#pone-0065461-t001" target="_blank">Table 1B</a> shows overall mean diet composition in both supplemented and control groups, based on 1 kg of supplemental feed +1.5 kg of natural vegetation (<i>i.e.</i> 40–60% of diet) in the supplemented group <i>vs</i>. a 100% natural vegetation diet in the control group, as well as the intake ratio among groups.</p

Differences in body properties measured (Panel A) and femur mechanical properties, ash and minerals between two groups of red deer hinds feeding on natural vegetation (control group) or plants plus 1 kg animal⁻¹ day⁻¹ of food supplement indicated in Table 1 (food supplemented group).

<p>Means ± SE.</p

Sections of the femur sampled for chemical analysis (arrows) and mechanical testing (femur bars 45 mm×2.5 mm×4.5 mm indicated in the drawing).

<p>Sections of the femur sampled for chemical analysis (arrows) and mechanical testing (femur bars 45 mm×2.5 mm×4.5 mm indicated in the drawing).</p

Experimental design for the ‘Restricted food access’ experiment.

<p>Only 6 hinds at most are allowed to feed at once. Location of video cameras and their visual field is shown.</p

Nutritive and mineral mean (±SE) contents of offered wholemeal feed, and food remaining after red deer hinds fed for 1 and 5 hours.

<p>The experiment was repeated for 7 days, and paired t-tests show differences between initial and 1^st hour food remaining, and between 1^st to 5^th.</p>†, *, **, and ***<p>respectively indicate significant differences at 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level.</p><p>Only significant values in paired t-tests are shown.</p

One-way Pearson correlations among social rank and food access behavioral indices (<i>T/n</i> = mean time per feeding bout; <i>FFB</i> = time to first feeding bout; <i>AO</i> = order of access to the feeder; <i>TFB</i> = total number of feeding bouts; <i>FT</i> = time spent feeding during the first hour; <i>N</i> = 44).

*, and ***<p>indicate significance at 0.05, and 0.001 level.</p

Plotting of <i>T/n</i> (mean time per feeding bout, log- transformed to achieve normality) <i>vs.</i> normalized social rank (<i>ArcsenSqrt</i> of hierarchical social rank; Côté 2000), with linear (solid line; <i>R</i> = 0.11; <i>P</i> = 0.230) and quadratic (dashed line; <i>R</i> = 0.44, <i>P</i> = 0.011) adjusting.

<p>Plotting of <i>T/n</i> (mean time per feeding bout, log- transformed to achieve normality) <i>vs.</i> normalized social rank (<i>ArcsenSqrt</i> of hierarchical social rank; Côté 2000), with linear (solid line; <i>R</i> = 0.11; <i>P</i> = 0.230) and quadratic (dashed line; <i>R</i> = 0.44, <i>P</i> = 0.011) adjusting.</p

Meal components (mean ±SE) and selection indices during the 1^st feeding hour.

<p>A high <i>ŵ</i> (greater than 1) or <i>B</i> (greater than 1/7 = 1.43) indicates food items selected positively. A low <i>ŵ</i> (lower than 1) or <i>B</i> (lower than 1.43) indicates food items selected negatively.</p>† and **<p>respectively indicate if selection was significant at 0.1 and 0.01 level.</p

Influence of the energy on the observed standarized selection ratios during first feeding hour (<i>B_i^0–1</i>; black triangles and solid line; <i>R</i> = 0.79) and first to fifth (<i>B_i^1–5</i>; hollow triangles and dashed line; <i>R</i> = 0.68).

<p>Note the different slopes, which indicate a lower selectivity in the second period when the amount of food available was lower.</p

Meal components (mean ±SE) and selection indices from 1^st to 5^th hours.

<p>A high <i>ŵ</i> (greater than 1) or <i>B</i> (greater than 1/7 = 1.43) indicates food items selected positively. A low <i>ŵ</i> (lower than 1) or <i>B</i> (lower than 1.43) indicates food items selected negatively. Any food item was significantly selected.</p