Reaction by obtention of 2,3-dihydroxy chelerythrine derivative (14) from Chelerythrine (10).

<p>Reaction by obtention of 2,3-dihydroxy chelerythrine derivative (14) from Chelerythrine (10).</p

Figure illustrating the structure-activity relationship for the antimicrobial activity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids.

<p>Figure illustrating the structure-activity relationship for the antimicrobial activity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids.</p

Minimum amount required (in µg) for inhibition of microbial growth on TLC plates for extracts and isolated alkaloids of <i>Z. rhoifolium</i>.

<p>*(ATCC =  merican Type Culture Collection): Bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis-Se (ATCC 12228); Staphylococcus aureus-Sa (ATCC 6538); Bacillus subtilis-Bs (ATCC 6633); Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp (ATCC 13883); Escherichia coli-Ec (ATCC 25922); Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Pa (ATCC 27853); <i>Shigella sonnei-Ss</i> (ATCC 25931); Yeasts: Candida albicans-Ca (ATCC 10231); Sacharomyces cerevisae-Sc (ATCC 2601); Cryptococcus neoformans-Cn (ATCC 28952). NT =  not tested; NA =  not active;</p>a<p>basic;</p>b<p>Chloramphenicol for bacteria and Nystatin for yeasts.</p

Antimicrobial activity (MIC/MBC and MFC in µg/mL) for extracts and isolated alkaloids of <i>Z. rhoifolium</i>.

<p>*(ATCC =  American Type Culture Collection): Bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis-Se (ATCC 12228); Staphylococcus aureus- Sa (ATCC 6538); Streptococcus pyogenes-Sp (ATCC 19615); Bacillus subtilis-Bs (ATCC 6633); Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp (ATCC 13883); Escherichia coli-Ec (ATCC 25922); Yeasts: Candida albicans-Ca (ATCC 10231); Sacharomyces cerevisae-Sc (ATCC 2601); Cryptococcus neoformans-Cn (ATCC 28952). NT = not tested;</p>a<p>basic;</p>b<p>Chloramphenicol for bacteria and Nystatin for yeasts.</p

Alkaloids isolated from stem bark of <i>Zanthoxylum rhoifolium</i>.

<p>Alkaloids isolated from stem bark of <i>Zanthoxylum rhoifolium</i>.</p

Chelerythrine (CHE) <i>in vitro</i> effect on human erythrocytes: (A) Erythrocytes count; (B) Hemolysis; (C) Lipoperoxidation evaluated by TBARS assay; (D) protein oxidation evaluated by Advanced Oxidative Protein Products (AOPP) assay.

<p>CHE treatments were compared to control group by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnet <i>post hoc</i> test. * = p<0.05; ** = p<0.01; *** = p<0.001.</p

Antimicrobial activity (MIC/MBC and MFC in µg/mL) for Chelerythrine (<b>10</b>) and 2,3-dihydroxy chelerythrine derivative (<b>14</b>).

<p>*(ATCC =  American Type Culture Collection): Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus- Sa (ATCC 6538); Bacillus cereus-Bc (ATCC 33019); Bacillus subtilis-Bs (ATCC 6633); <i>Enterococcus spp.-Es</i> (ATCC 6589); <i>Enterobacter aerogenes-Ea</i> (ATCC 13048); Escherichia coli-Ec (ATCC 25922); Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Pa (ATCC 27853); Enterobacter cloacae-E.cloacae (ATCC 1304); <i>Shigella sonnei-Ss (ATCC 25931); Salmonella typhimurium-St (ATCC 14028); Burkholderia cepacia-B.cepacia</i> (ATCC 17759); <i>Morganella morganii-Mm</i> (ATCC 25829); Yeasts: Candida albicans-Ca (ATCC 10231); Candida tropicalis-Ct (ATCC 18803); Candida krusei-Ck (ATCC 6258); Candida parapslosis-Cp (ATCC 22018); Sacharomyces cerevisae-Sc (ATCC 2601); Cryptococcus neoformans-Cn (ATCC 28952); Cryptococcus gatti-Cg (ATCC 2601). NT =  not tested; Ampicillin and Azithromycin for bacteria and Nystatin for yeasts.</p