Restrição alimentar e utilização de calcário de granulometria grosseira com métodos alternativos de muda forçada

Com o objetivo comparar métodos alternativos de muda forçada ao jejum, realizou-se um experimento utilizando-se 420 poedeiras com 80 semanas de idade. O período experimental teve duração de 28 dias onde se realizou a muda forçada. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial 5x2, contendo cinco restrições alimentares (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60g de ração/ave/dia) com e sem utilização de calcário de granulometria grosseira, e sete repetições de seis aves por parcela. A muda teve duração de 28 dias, porém, os tratamentos que perderam 25% do peso corporal antes deste período foram alimentados à vontade logo após atingirem a perda almejada. Para avaliação da qualidade dos ovos utilizou-se dois ovos por parcela. Durante os 28 dias da muda avaliou-se a perda de peso corporal, o desempenho das aves e a qualidade dos ovos. Conclui-se que o fornecimento de 15g de ração foi viável para efetuar a muda forçada, pois as aves deste tratamento atingiram perda corporal de 25% e apresentaram qualidade dos ovos semelhante às submetidas ao jejum. A adição de calcário de granulometria grosseira durante a muda melhorou a qualidade da casca dos ovos, com exceção ao tratamento em jejum.With the objective to compare alternative methods of forced molt, there was an experiment using 420 hens with 80 weeks of age. The experimental period lasted 28 days there was a forced molting. A randomized trial in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with five dietary restrictions (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 g of feed / bird / day) with and without the use of limestone coarse particle size, and seven replicates of six birds per plot. The changes lasted 28 days, however, the treatments that have lost 25% of body weight before this period were fed ad libitum after reaching the desired loss. To assess the quality of the eggs we used two eggs per plot. During the 28 days of the changes evaluated the weight loss, bird performance and egg quality. It follows that the supply of 15 g of feed is feasible to make the changes forced the birds because of this treatment reached body loss of 25% and showed the quality of eggs similar to those submitted to fasting. The addition of limestone for the coarse particle size changes improved the quality of shell eggs, except for the fasting treatment.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Iluminação para codornas japonesas na fase de produção

Sabe-se que o uso da iluminação artificial é uma prática rotineira na criação intensiva de aves de postura, e fotoperíodos longos estimulam a produção de ovos. Há muitos anos utiliza-se para codornas japonesas as mesmas recomendações feitas para poedeiras comerciais quanto ao uso da iluminação, havendo necessidade de novas pesquisas específicas para codornas. Além disso, há uma pressão dos movimentos preservacionistas e também uma preocupação crescente da população com relação à disponibilidade de recursos naturais, sendo um dos principais problemas o aumento da geração de energia, fazendo com que haja necessidade de todos os setores de produção se adequarem ao programa de economia de energia elétrica. Desta forma, a fim de estabelecer o comprimento de fotoperíodo, que maximize a produção e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas e proporcione economia de energia elétrica, foi realizado um experimento onde se avaliou a duração do fotoperíodo utilizando-se quatro comprimentos de fotoperíodo de modo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram: T1: 14 horas de luz/dia, T2: 15 horas de luz/dia, T3: 16 horas de luz/dia e T4: 17 horas de luz/dia). A intensidade luminosa adotada foi a mesma recomendada para poedeiras comerciais de 22 lux, fornecida com a utilização de lâmpadas incandescentes. Foram utilizadas 1296 codornas japonesas com 15 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e 12 repetições de 27 aves cada. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho das aves e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Houve efeito de tratamento apenas na percentagem de postura, onde as aves submetidas ao fotoperíodo de 14 horas produziram menor quantidade de ovos que as demais. Não houve influência dos tratamentos sobre a qualidade...It is known that the use of artificial lighting is a routine practice in the intensive farming of laying hens, and long photoperiods stimulate egg production. Many years is used for Japanese quails the same recommendations for laying hens in the use of lighting, requiring further research specific to quail. In addition, there is a pressure from preservationists movements and also an increasing concern of the population with respect to the availability of natural resources, one of the main problems increased power generation, so that there is need for all sectors of production fit the program saving electricity. Thus, in order to establish the length of photoperiod, which maximizes production and egg quality of Japanese quail and provide power savings, an experiment was conducted which evaluated the duration of the photoperiod using four lengths of photoperiod so continuous. The treatments were: T1: 14 hours of light / day, T2: 15 hours of light / day, T3: 16 hours light / day, and T4: 17 hours light / day). The luminous intensity adopted was the same recommended for hens of 22 lux provided by the use of incandescent bulbs. Japanese quail were used in 1296 with 15 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 12 replicates of 27 birds each. We evaluated the performance characteristics of birds and internal and external quality of eggs. Treatment effects only in laying percentage, where the birds subjected to a photoperiod of 14 hours produced fewer eggs than the others. There was no effect of treatments on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Maize kernel size and texture: production parameters, quality of eggs of the laying hens and electricity intake

The influence of maize corn size and texture on the performance parameters of laying hens and power consumption required for grinding maize corn were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on 384 Isa Brown hens, 36 weeks old, penned in a conventional aviary with 562.5 cm2 bird-1 stocking rate. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized 2 x 3 factorial design (maize textures: flint and dent; and milling degree: fine, medium and coarse) with eight replicates of eight birds per plot. Data were evaluated with SISVAR and means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. Difference was reported for the variable texture and flint increased the variables feed intake and egg weight. Significant difference in the characteristics of egg quality occurred only for the colorof the yolk. Larger corn sizes consumed less electricity during grinding. The maize flint cultivar had a lower 31.7% power consumption when compared to that of the dent cultivar

<b>Productivity of japanese quails in relation to body weight at the end of the rearing phase

Two experiments were conducted at different times with the objective of investigating how the body weight of Japanese quails at the end of the rearing period may alter the performance during the laying phase. In both experiments, the birds were distributed in five treatments according to their body weights, which were obtained at 42 and 35 days of age for the first and second experiments respectively, and the following categories were considered for said experiments: very light, light, average, heavy and very heavy. For both experiments, the treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, at eight repetitions per treatment for the first one and six for the second one, both at 18 birds per repetition. During the first experiment, sexual maturity, laying percentage, marketable egg percentage, average egg weight and egg mass, in second experiment, feed consumption, final body weight, eggs per bird present, laying percentage, average egg weight, egg mass and alimentary conversion were evaluated. The results obtained show that Japanese quails whose body weight is lower than 140 grams at 42 days of age, or lower than 120 grams at 35 days of age show significantly worse productive results during the laying phase.

Locomotion of commercial broilers and indigenous chickens

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the steadiness of broilers during the stance phase of locomotion, and the primary disorders of the locomotor system and gait. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 + 32), indicating two sexes and two genetic commercial strains, with five replications of 53 broilers each, and 32 (16 males and 16 females) indigenous chickens. Gait score and valgus and varus condition were assessed. Pictures of the birds were taken and evaluated. The broiler body was considered a spherical shape, and the centroid was calculated. From the geometric center of the body, a line was drawn perpendicularly to the sphere radius that formed an angle (ANG) with the other vertical line drawn from the centroid to the ground. The angle projected onto the ground was analyzed, and the body steadiness (EC) was estimated. At the 42nd day of growth, broilers were weighed to assess the body weight, the breast weight after slaughter, and the percentage of the breast (PB). Femoral degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, spondylolisthesis, and footpad dermatitis were evaluated. Fast-growing broilers presented a high prevalence of locomotor issues. The PB was not affected by sex or genetic strain. Males showed better ANG than the females, regardless of the genetic strain. More balanced EC was found in commercial broilers when compared with the indigenous chicken that stood slightly towards the back during the stance phase. A medium (in males) to high (in females) association between EC and ANG was found amongst broilers from the commercial strains in both males and females. The broilers from commercial strains presented more locomotor issues than the indigenous chicken. Commercial broiler strains show less locomotor soundness than indigenous chickens

Revisão: síndrome do osso negro em frangos de corte

Some factors involved in the incidence of black bone syndrome and its consequences on the quality and acceptability of meat from the thighs and drumsticks of broilers are described in this review. It is know that the conservation of thighs and drumsticks by freezing leads to the formation of ice crystals that disrupt the cells of the bone marrow, causing leakage of hemoglobin present in the same, when the bone is brittle or porous sharpens extravasation of blood the occurs primarily in the proximal tibia and the femur. The darkening caused in meat adjacent the bone is called of black bone syndrome and has implications in meat quality, mainly by changing the appearance of the same due to darkening caused. The darkening resulting from extravasated blood in the meat has implications for the quality in the same and can result in problems acceptance of meat from thigh and drumsticks. Thus, it becomes necessary to provision the long term, genetic screening focused on the bone structure and the short term with the addition of nutrients can improve bone quality.Alguns fatores envolvidos na incidência de síndrome do osso negro e suas consequências na qualidade e aceitação da carne de coxas e sobrecoxas de frangos de corte estão descritos nesta revisão. Sabe-se que a conservação de coxas e sobrecoxas pelo congelamento leva à formação de cristais de gelo que rompem as células da medula óssea, causando extravasamento da hemoglobina presente na mesma, quando o osso está frágil ou poroso acentua-se o extravasamento de sangue que ocorre principalmente pela região proximal na tíbia e no fêmur. O escurecimento causado na carne adjacente ao osso é chamado de síndrome do osso e tem implicações na qualidade da carne, alterando principalmente a aparência da mesma devido ao escurecimento causado. O escurecimento decorrente do sangue extravasado na carne tem implicações na qualidade da mesma e pode resultar em problemas na aceitação de carne de coxa e sobrecoxa. Assim, torna-se necessário providências a longo prazo, com seleção genética focada na estrutura óssea e a curto prazo, com adição de nutrientes que podem melhorar a qualidade óssea