Relações entre o corpo, o mecanicismo e o nadar -- um olhar sobre máquinas de natação em ambiente seco

O presente artigo objetivou analisar patentes de máquinas americanas e britânicas que ensinam movimentos de natação fora da água. Tais máquinas propõem pessoas executarem a coordenação de braços e pernas em ambientes secos. Filtraram-se aparelhos disponíveis na base de registros online Google Patents, limitadas à língua inglesa, que em sua descrição advogaram a intenção de executar movimentos de estilos natatórios fora da água, seja para aprendizagem ou treinamento. Excluíram-se patentes que não informaram origem do registro ou que não descreveram completamente o equipamento.  Em 168 resultados na busca, 60 máquinas americanas e 11 britânicas foram selecionadas para análise integral. Observou-se que de 1874 até meados dos anos 60 as máquinas predominaram uma concepção de aprendizado em seu propósito de uso, porém a partir de 1974 manifestou-se uma hegemonia na função de treinamento.

Foreword

This volume aims to develop a framework for disaster and climate risk resilient livelihood system in Bangladesh using a policy oriented approach. It highlights the possible impacts of climate change on groundwater based irrigation in the country. Climate change is one of biggest challenges to society. It can lead to serious impacts on production, life and environment on a global scale. Higher temperatures and sea level rise will cause flooding and water salinity problems which will bring about negative effects on agriculture and high risks to industry and socio-economic systems in the future. Climate change will lead to many changes in global development and security especially energy, water, food, society, job, diplomacy, culture, economy and trade. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as: “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.” Global climate change has emerged as a key issue in both political and economic arenas. It is an increasingly questioned phenomenon, and progressive national governments around the world have started taking action to respond to these environmental concerns

Bangladesh II: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries

This volume aims to develop a framework for disaster and climate risk resilient livelihood system in Bangladesh using a policy oriented approach. It highlights the possible impacts of climate change on groundwater based irrigation in the country. Climate change is one of biggest challenges to society. It can lead to serious impacts on production, life and environment on a global scale. Higher temperatures and sea level rise will cause flooding and water salinity problems which will bring about negative effects on agriculture and high risks to industry and socio-economic systems in the future. Climate change will lead to many changes in global development and security especially energy, water, food, society, job, diplomacy, culture, economy and trade. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as: “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.” Global climate change has emerged as a key issue in both political and economic arenas. It is an increasingly questioned phenomenon, and progressive national governments around the world have started taking action to respond to these environmental concerns

Climate change impacts from the global scale to the regional scale : Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a beautiful nation. Sadly, it is facing multiple impacts of global warming. The most prominent issues are increased risks of drought, hurricanes, and cyclones; and salt intrusion due to sea level rise and storm surges. Adaptation is difficult and expensive. The Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius has already warned that an increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere could lead to worldwide temperature increases. Because of various development activities leading to greenhouse gas emissions, the world climate is changing rapidly. Climate change is found in both developing and developed countries, but many developing countries are more affected by climate change and can do less about it. Many poor tropical countries do not have the means to improve their resilience against the effects of climate change. Many island states in the Pacific present examples of this dilemma. Bangladesh is an example of a large country with a large and dense population and is recognized worldwide as being extremely vulnerable to the impacts of global warming and climate change. It is a large delta area vulnerable to sea level rise. Global climate change has already vastly impacted the climate of Bangladesh, as is described in this book. The climate of Bangladesh is heating up and is also changing rapidly because of developments in the rural and urban landscapes. It is unclear if and when this could lead to massive climate change–related migration because of failed crops and failed governance. The designs of embankments, roads, and drainage schemes have already been altered by the government and various agencies. But are these alterations enough in the light of the developments that have occurred rapidly within the last few years? Should not these adaptations be thoroughly evaluated in the light of these new developments?</p