Definition of a New Level One Test Case Measurements of Equilibrium Radiation from an Inductively Coupled Plasma in the Near-UV to Near-IR Spectral Region for a Titan-Type N2-CH4 Mixture. Preliminary Results

A test case, using a similar methodology and experimental set-up than previous test case TC5-Level 1 is presented in this paper. An inductively coupled plasma torch, working at atmospheric pressure, is used to create N2-CH4 Titan-like plasma (98%N2 - 2%CH4). The operating frequency and power are 64 MHz and 3 kW respectively. This kind of apparatus allows obtaining plasma in chemical and quasi-thermal equilibrium The spectral measurements cover the [300-800] nm range and are performed inside the induction coil. Each interesting spectrum is calibrated and compared to the line-by-line spectral code SPARTAN used for the simulation of the radiative emission of entry-type plasma. Finally, a discussion is proposed about the nucleation phenomenon which is occurred in the ICP torch with the N2-CH4 plasma. Preliminary studies show the synthesis of nanostructured carbon on the quartz tube.Comment: Radiation of High Temperature Gases in Atmospheric Entry, Heraklion : Greece (2008

Numerical calculation of the transport coefficients in thermal plasmas

-We have performed a new efficient method to calculate numerically the transport coefficients at high temperature. The collision theory was treated to study singularities that occur when evaluating the collision cross section. The transport coefficients (viscosity, diffusion coefficient, thermal and electrical conductivity) depend strongly on nature of the interaction between the particles that form the plasma and that is why it is necessary to determine the interaction potential accurately.Comment: The 9th International Student Conference on Advanced Science and Technology., Dec 2014, Clermont-Ferrand, Franc

L'éducation comme entreprise

Cet article est consacré à l’analyse de la genèse et de l’expansion, au Burkina Faso, d’une expérimentation pédagogique, celle de l’éducation bilingue, placée sous la coupe d’une ONG. À travers la trajectoire du succès de cette entreprise dans le champ de l’enseignement de base, ce texte tente de dépasser les singularités de l’étude de cas. Il vise à apporter des éléments de réponse quant au type de compétences que requièrent les entrepreneurs africains pour faire aboutir leurs démarches dans un contexte éducatif caractérisé par une forte privatisation et une importance de l’aide décentralisée.This article analyse the genesis and the expansion, in Burkina Faso, of a teaching experimentation, the bilingual education, directed by an ONG. Through the trajectory of the success of this enterprise of basic teaching, this text tries to exceed the singularities of the case study. It aims at bringing brief replies about the type of competences which require the African entrepreneur to make succeed their steps in an educational context characterized by a strong privatization and an importance of the decentralized assistance

From diagnosis to routine care in type 1 diabetes in children: Parents’ experiences

Having a child who lives with a Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) can represent a high burden for parents. The objective of our study is to identify and analyze the main challenges expressed by parents so that health care services better meet the needs of parents of T1D children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of 19 T1D children regarding detection and diagnosis, initial management at the hospital, post-discharge adaptation including daycare or school reintegration, and long-term T1D monitoring. Data analysis was performed following an inductive approach. The results showed a lack of knowledge regarding T1D in the society, especially for parents and educators. Furthermore, most parents felt overwhelmed at the hospital, and not ready for the intense self-management education (SME). They suggested it could be split over an extended period and discussed from a more practical perspective. Parents’ burden is highest in the post-discharge adaptation stage especially for school reintegration, management of blood glucose levels and calculation of carbohydrates. Finally, returning to a social life was difficult, but contacts with diabetic families was a relief. In conclusion, the SME ought to be flexible and adapted to parents\u27 needs. Spreading it over a longer period would ease families’ experience. Efforts should also be made to alleviate the parents’ burden on the post-discharge adaptation perceived as the most difficult stage, especially for school reintegration where training and resources on T1D should be given to key staff. Public education campaigns would raise awareness and ensure better knowledge of T1D by general population. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Quality & Clinical Excellence lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework) Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

From diagnosis to routine care in type 1 diabetes in children : parents' experiences

Having a child who lives with a Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) can represent a high burden for parents. The objective of our study is to identify and analyze the main challenges expressed by parents so that health care services better meet the needs of parents of T1D children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of 19 T1D children regarding detection and diagnosis, initial management at the hospital, post-discharge adaptation including daycare or school reintegration, and long-term T1D monitoring. Data analysis was performed following an inductive approach. The results showed a lack of knowledge regarding T1D in the society, especially for parents and educators. Furthermore, most parents felt overwhelmed at the hospital, and not ready for the intense self-management education (SME). They suggested it could be split over an extended period and discussed from a more practical perspective. Parents' burden is highest in the post-discharge adaptation stage especially for school reintegration, management of blood glucose levels and calculation of carbohydrates. Finally, returning to a social life was difficult, but contacts with diabetic families was a relief. In conclusion, the SME ought to be flexible and adapted to parents' needs. Spreading it over a longer period would ease families' experience. Efforts should also be made to alleviate the parents' burden on the post-discharge adaptation perceived as the most difficult stage, especially for school reintegration where training and resources on T1D should be given to key staff. Public education campaigns would raise awareness and ensure better knowledge of T1D by general population

Monatomic Excitation Temperature in Theoretical Study of Discharge with Liquid Non-Metallic (Tap Water) Electrodes in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

The discharge with liquid non-metallic electrodes under study is out of thermal equilibrium. From probe and micro-wave absorption measurements the electronic concentration has been evaluated. The spectral intensities of N2 and Oxygen triplet have been measured locally. In this work, we propose to compare the results of calculation with the experimental results for two hypotheses on the monatomic excitation temperature. The first is when we assume the monatomic excitation temperature close to heavy particle translational temperature and the second is when we assume the monatomic excitation temperature close to the electronic translational temperature

ACQUISITION AND MODELING OF A SPECTRUM IN A NON THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM PLASMA FORMED IN AIR WITH WATER

Spectra in the range of 365-385 nm, corresponding to the Schumann-Runge system of O2 (B33u - X33-g) and to the second positive system of N2 (C30u - B30g) are measured by optical emission spectroscopy in a discharge with liquid non-metallic electrodes (DLNME) in air with water at atmospheric pressure. They are simulated theoretically. This discharge generates a non-equilibrium plasma. In this paper, we first describe the experimental set up. Then, we explain the method of spectra simulation. By comparison of measured and simulated spectra, we determine the rotational and vibrational temperature and the ratio between densities of two upper electronic quantum levels of the two considered systems. The possible mechanism of spectra formation is discussed

Entre contestation et légitimation

Tout au long de l’histoire des sciences sociales, l’analyse des relations qui unissent et désunissent les religions et le politique a donné lieu à un nombre considérable de travaux et a alimenté de multiples débats. L’anthropologie sociale et culturelle consacrée à l’Afrique subsaharienne a souvent analysé ces relations à travers le prisme de l’occulte. Le pouvoir se fonderait sur le contrôle de forces invisibles, sa préservation passerait par un usage secret, habile et efficace de ces élémen..

Marginalité, pénalité et division ethnique dans la ville à l’ère néolibérale

Ce numéro spécial de la Revue de l’Institut de sociologie reprend les contributions de la journée d’étude intitulée « Marginalité, pénalité et division ethnique dans la ville à l’ère néolibérale » organisée à l’Université libre de Bruxelles à la fin de l’année 2010. L’objectif de cette journée d’étude était de mettre en discussion la trilogie que Loïc Wacquant a consacrée aux rapports triangulaires entre fragmentation de classes, division ethnique de la ville et transformation de l’État dans les sociétés occidentales au tournant du XXIe siècle. En traversant les frontières conventionnelles entre domaines de recherche (urbaine, sociale, pénale, politique), cette trilogie nous invite à un dialogue entre disciplines et à un effort de transposition raisonnée pour réfléchir les reconfigurations de la triade marché-État-citoyenneté dans les pays du Nord.This special issue of the Revue de l’Institut de sociologie contains the contributions to the symposium entitled “Marginality, penalty and ethnic division in the city in the neoliberal era” held at the Free University of Brussels at the end of 2010. the purpose of this gathering was to focus on the trilogy that Loïc Wacquant has devoted to the triangular relations between fragmented classes, ethnic division of the city and State transformations in Western societies at the turn of the twenty-first century. Crossing the conventional boundaries between research areas (urban, social, criminal, political), this trilogy invites us to a dialogue between disciplines and an effort of reasoned transposition to reflect the reconfiguration of the marketstate citizenship triad in northern countries

Analyses spectroscopiques d'un plasma CO2-N2 (97%-3%), de type atmosphère martienne, par torche ICP

Une torche à plasma à couplage inductif, fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique, est utilisée pour créer un plasma à partir d'un mélange CO2-N2 reproduisant une atmosphère martienne (97%-3%). La fréquence ainsi que la puissance de fonctionnement de la torche ICP sont respectivement 64 Mhz et 3 kW. Ce type d'outil analytique permet d'obtenir un plasma relativement proche de l'équilibre thermodynamique. La caractérisation du plasma consistera dans un premier temps à déterminer la composition chimique; un code de calcul basé sur la minimisation de l'énergie libre de Gibbs est utilisé. Dans un second temps, les profils de températures seront données à travers les applications de l'inversion d'Abel des systèmes moléculaires considérés. Les mesures spectroscopiques couvrent le domaine [250-800] nm et sont réalisés à l'intérieur des spires inductives. Chaque spectre est ainsi comparé au code SESAM (Simulation de l'Emission Spectrale de l'Atmosphère de Mars)