5 research outputs found
The Russian Orthodox Church and Normative Power in Russian Foreign Policy
MaÄ£istra darbs āKrievu pareizticÄ«gÄ baznÄ«ca un normatÄ«vÄ vara Krievijas FederÄcijas ÄrpolitikÄā ir veltÄ«ts Krievijas normatÄ«vÄs Ärpolitikas izpÄtei. Darba ietvaros tiek pÄtÄ«ta Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄs baznÄ«cas (KPB) darbÄ«ba starptautiskajÄ arÄnÄ, kur tÄ piedÄvÄ koriÄ£Ät patreizÄjo starptautisko attiecÄ«bu normatÄ«vo bÄzi, balstoties uz ācivlizÄciju dialogaā idejÄm. āCivilizÄciju dialogaā institucionalizÄÅ”ana starptautiskajÄs attiecÄ«bÄs, nozÄ«mÄtu atteikÅ”anos no noteiktu cilvÄktiesÄ«bu un citu vispÄratzÄ«tu starptautisko juridisko normu un principu universÄluma. Tas, savukÄrt, mazinÄtu Rietumu normatÄ«vo aktieru spÄju Ä«stenot normatÄ«vo varu starptautiskajÄ arÄnÄ. DotÄ darba mÄrÄ·is ir izpÄtÄ«t, kÄ Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄs baznÄ«cas iesaiste valsts ÄrpolitkÄ ietekmÄ Krievijas normatÄ«vÄs Ärpolitikas Ä«stenoÅ”anas praksi. DarbÄ ir paredzÄts rast atbildi uz sekojoÅ”o izpÄtes jautÄjumu: vai Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄs baznÄ«cas, normatÄ«vÄ aktiera, iesaiste ÄrpolitikÄ veicina Krievijas normatÄ«vo mÄrÄ·u sasniegÅ”anu starptautiskajÄ arÄnÄ? Tiek izvirzÄ«tas divas hipotÄzes: 1) Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄs baznÄ«cas, kÄ normatÄ«va aktiera, iesaiste valsts ÄrpolitikÄ vairo Krievijas Ärpolitikas leÄ£itimitÄti un lÄ«dz ar to veicina tÄs normatÄ«vo mÄrÄ·u sasniegÅ”anu; 2) pareizticÄ«bas vÄrtÄ«bu, kÄ normatÄ«vÄs varas avotu, izmantoÅ”ana ÄrpolitikÄ veicina Krievijas normatÄ«vÄs Ärpolitikas mÄrÄ·u sasniegÅ”anu.
Darba teorÄtiskajÄ daÄ¼Ä tiek skatÄ«ti gan J.Mannersa, gan N.ToÄi un citu normatÄ«vÄs varas teorÄtiÄ·u darbi. TÄpat tiek analizÄti arÄ« ācivilizÄciju dialogaā konceptualizÄcijas mÄÄ£inÄjumi. EmpÄ«riskajÄ sadaÄ¼Ä tiek nedaudz apskatÄ«ta Krievijas normatÄ«vÄ Ärpolitika arÄ« plaÅ”ÄkÄ - Krievijas un Rietumu aktoru attiecÄ«bu kontekstÄ, tomÄr galvenÄ uzmanÄ«ba tiek pievÄrsta tieÅ”i tÄm Krievijas normatÄ«vÄs Ärpolitikas aktivitÄtÄm, kurÄs ir iesaistÄ«ta Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄ baznÄ«ca. KÄ gadÄ«juma izpÄte tiek analizÄtas KPB iniciatÄ«vas ANO.
PÄtÄ«jumÄ tiek secinÄts, ka KPB iesaiste Krievijas ÄrpolitikÄ dod iespÄju vairot Krievijas rÄ«cÄ«bas leÄ£itmitÄti un sasniegt normatÄ«vÄs Ärpolitikas mÄÄ·us, t.sk. diskusijas par ātradicionÄlajÄm vÄrtÄ«bÄmā aktualizÄÅ”anu un ācivilizÄciju dialogaā zinÄmu institucionalizÄÅ”anu. Å
emot vÄrÄ pÄtÄ«juma rezultÄtus, tiek secinÄts, ka abas pÄtÄ«juma sÄkumÄ izvirzÄ«tÄs hipotÄzes tiek apstiprinÄtas.
AtslÄgvÄrdi: normatÄ«vÄ vara, civilizÄciju dialogs, tradicionÄlÄs vÄrtÄ«bas, Krievu pareizticÄ«gÄ baznÄ«ca.SUMMARY
The Masterās thesis The Russian Orthodox Church and Normative Power in Russian Foreign Policy is dedicated to the research of the Russian normative foreign policy. The operation of Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) in the international arena is studied, where it offers to adjust the current normative framework for international relations based on ideas of ādialogue of civilizations'. While the ādialogue of civilizationsā is not directly related to the theory of normative power, itsā institutionalization in international relations would mean the abandonment of universality of certain human rights and other commonly recognized international legal norms. This, in return, would reduce the capacity of Western normative actors to implement normative power in the international arena. So far, normative power has been mostly studied as the phenomenon of the European Union's foreign policy. However, in recent years more and more this approach is used by studying China, United States, Russia and other countries.
The aim of this study is to examine how Russian Orthodox Church involvement in the State's foreign policy affects implementation of Russia's normative foreign policy. The paper is intended to answer the following research question: Does involvement of the Russian Orthodox Church, a normative actor, contributes to the achievement of Russian foreign policy normative objectives in the international arena? There are two hypotheses:
1) Russian Orthodox Church, as a normative actor, enhances the legitimacy of Russia's foreign policy by involvement in State's foreign policy and thus contributes to the achievement of itsā normative objectives; 2) the usage of values of Orthodoxy, as the source of normative power, in the foreign policy contributes to the achievement of normative objectives of Russian foreign policy. Thus, the theoretical part of this paper address Ian Manners and Nathaly Tocci and works of other normative power theorists. Attempts of conceptualization of the ādialogue of civilizationsā are also analyzed. The empirical section covers Russia's normative foreign policy also a little bit more generally ā in the view of the relationship between Russia and Western actors, yet focusing on the Russian normative foreign policy activities which involves Russian Orthodox Church. Similarly, the analysis of existing and eventual sources of Russian normative power focus on the orthodox values and related aspects of Russian identity.
Empirical part of the study shows that the ROC activities meet the aspects of normative power theory. It had enabled the reach of normative objectives. Among them are debates on the partnership of civilizations and the importance of traditional values, adoption of the resolution in the UN Human Rights Council and establishment of the high level group in the UN. However, there are problems with reality and image of Russia as an Orthodox country proclamed by the ROC. In view of this and the results of the study, it is concluded that both hypothesis raised in the beginning of the study are confirmed. However, it is clear that religious values are not fully perceived as basis for changes of fundamental freedoms and human rights norms. Consequently, Russia's potential for substantial impact on the current views on democracy, rule of law and human rights in the European Union, Council of Europe, OSCE and UN should be critically evaluated.
Keywords:
normative power, dialogue of civilizatons, Russian foreign policy, The Russian Orhodox Church, traditional value
The Role of Ideological Concept āRussian Worldā in the Russian Federation Compatriots Policy
Bakalaura darbs ir veltÄ«ts ideloÄ£iskÄ koncepta āKrievu pasauleā kÄ mÄ«kstÄs varas projekta teorÄtiskai un empÄ«riskai izpÄtei. DotÄ darba mÄrÄ·is ir noskaidrot ideoloÄ£iskÄ koncepta āKrievu pasauleā atbilstÄ«bu mÄ«kstÄs varas teorÄtiskajiem principiem un pielietoÅ”anas praksei.
MinÄtÄ mÄrÄ·a sasniegÅ”anai darba ietvaros bÅ«s jÄatbild uz sekojoÅ”ajiem jautÄjumiem:
1) KÄdi mÄ«ksto varu raksturojoÅ”ie avoti un instrumenti ir sastopami konceptÄ āKrievu pasauleā? 2) Vai āKrievu pasaulesā uzstÄdÄ«jumi atspoguļojas KF tautieÅ”u atbalsta politiku reglamentÄjoÅ”ajos dokumentos? 3) KÄda ir āKrievu pasaulesā koncepta Ä«stenoÅ”anas ietekme uz KF tautieÅ”u atbalsta politikas mÄrÄ·auditoriju?
DotajÄ darbÄ tiek izvirzÄ«ta sekojoÅ”Ä hipotÄze: ideoloÄ£iskais koncepts āKrievu pasauleā ir Krievijas FederÄcijas ÄrvalstÄ«s dzÄ«vojoÅ”o tautieÅ”u atbalsta politikas mÄ«kstÄs varas projekts.
TeorÄtiskajÄ sadaÄ¼Ä tiek apskatÄ«ti sekojoÅ”ie jautÄjumi: mÄ«kstÄs varas jÄdziens, mÄ«kstÄs varas avoti (kultÅ«ra, vÄrtÄ«bas, Ärpolitikas leÄ£itimitÄte) un instrumenti (dažÄdas publiskÄs diplomÄtijas izpausmes, mediju un NVO darbÄ«ba u.c.). Darba empÄ«riskajÄ sadaÄ¼Ä tiek pÄtÄ«ts āKrievu pasaulesā koncepts. Tiek pÄtÄ«ta mÄ«kstÄs varas raksturojoÅ”o lielumu esamÄ«ba konceptÄ. Tiek salÄ«dzinÄti minÄtÄ koncepta teorÄtiskie principi ar KF tautieÅ”u atbalsta politikas oficiÄlo dokumentu uzstÄdÄ«jumiem. Darba rezultÄti liecina, ka āKrievu pasaulesā teorÄtiskie uzstÄdÄ«jumi atbilst mÄ«kstÄs varas Ä«stenoÅ”anas principiem. āKrievu pasaulesā kÄ mÄ«kstÄs varas projekta darbÄ«ba balstÄs uz Krievijas kultÅ«ras un vÄrtÄ«bu pievilcÄ«bas, kÄ arÄ« Ärpolitikas leÄ£itimitÄtes ÄrvalstÄ«s dzÄ«vojoÅ”o tautieÅ”u mÄrÄ·a grupas daļas skatÄ«jumÄ.
AtslÄgas vÄrdi: mÄ«kstÄ vara, kultÅ«ra, vÄrtÄ«bas, leÄ£imitÄte, āKrievu pasauleā, tautieÅ”u politikaAnotation
The bachelor thesis is focused in theoretical and empirical research of the ideological concept āRussian worldā as the Project of soft power. The aim of this paper is to clarify the compliance of the idological concept āRussian worlāto the theoretical principles and practice of use of soft power.
To achieve the above mentioned aim the answers to following questions should be found:
1)What sources and instruments describing soft power are present in the concept āRussian worldā?
2)Are principles of āRussian worldā present in the documents of Russian Federation
describing compatriots support policy?
3)What is the influence of the implementation of āRussian worldā concept on the audiance of Russian Federation compatriotsn support policy?
In this paper the following hypothesis is set up: the ideological concept of āRussian worldā is the soft power project of the compatriots support policy of living abroad citizens of Russian Federation.
In the theoretical part following questions are viewed: the concept of soft power, sources (culture, values, the legitimacy of forreign policy) and instruments (different manifestations of public diplomacy, work of media and NGOās etc.)of soft power.
The empiric part of paper explores the concept of āRussian worldā. The presence of elements describing soft power are explored.
The theoretical principles of above mentioned concept are compared with the main principles included in the documents of Russian Federation compatriots support policy.
The result of the paper shows that āRussian worldā theoretical principles corresponds with soft power implementation principles