Who controls the present controls the past?. Psychosocial effects of the Truth Commission's evaluations and the social representations of history in Brazil.

329 p.The thesis aims to investigate the Brazilian Truth Commission's (TC) impact and evaluations and the social representations of history regarding the military regime in Brazil. Another goal was to integrate the results about the TCs with similar studies conducted in other countries in South America. Methods of research included questionnaires, word-association task and the analysis of the spontaneous discourses in the media. Although we found extreme criticism in the on-line comments about the commission, results from questionnaires showed that the commission is well evaluated. Political and social attitudes as well as the emotions elicited by the TC were found to be important variables on its evaluation. We found evidences for the association of psychosocial variables to different emotions, attitudes and representations towards the dictatorial past. We found that especially low education and support for authoritarianism were associated to a positive dictatorship representation. Finally, in the fourth study, results globally seems to support the idea that a positive evaluation of the TC effectiveness is associated to both, more trust in institutions and more positive socio-emotional climate. These associations seem to be moderated by contextual factors such as the level of violence perpetrated and social trust in the government and in the democracy. These results are globally discussed through the framework presented in the theoretical and empirical review leading to the conclusions pointing out the relation of the findings to the construction of the collective memory and social representations of history fields as well as to possible future lines of investigation

Impact of the truth commission on the social representations of history in Brazil

This thesis aimed to investigate the social representations of the dictatorship (1964-1985) in Brazil during the process of Truth and Reconciliation Commission – TRC – report release and the political crisis (2014-2018) as well as the TRC impact and appraisals. It is mainly based on the social representations theory, collective memory and studies about TRCs impact. Three studies were conducted. The first, aimed to investigate the social representations about the TRC in Brazil from the spontaneous discourse about the TRC final report in December 2014. Comments (N=322) were collected in the three major newspapers websites in Brazil: "Folha de São Paulo", "O Globo" and "O Estado de São Paulo" during the 48 hours after the news publication. They were transcribed into a textual corpus which was submitted to a lexical analyze on the software Alceste. Results showed three classes emerging, all of them critical against the TRC or the government: Violence perpetrated by leftist militants; Critics against the government and; State agent as victims. A radicalized discourse that justifies the human rights violations committed during the dictatorship as well as revisionist theories that negates the existence of a dictatorship could be observed. The classes seemed to represent the public of each newspaper. The second study aimed to analyze Brazilian TRC appraisals and its relation with social variables such as age and political positioning as well as with the social representations of the dictatorial past comparing three periods: pre, during and post the political crisis that ended up with Dilma Rousseff's impeachment. The sample consisted of 728 volunteer participants. Results showed that knowledge, social sharing about the TRC and the dictatorship, as well as the TRC positive appraisals increased during the political crisis. Moreover, most of the TRC positive appraisals were associated with left-wing political positioning and victimization. The associations between TRC appraisals and political positioning also increased during the political crisis. The third study aimed to investigate the structure of social representations of the dictatorship in Brazil comparing with a similar previous study (Sá, Oliveira, Castro, Vetere, & Carvalho, 2009). A 238 general sample answered questions about their knowledge, attitudes and emotions regarding the dictatorship. Moreover, a word association task was conducted with the inductor stimulus “military regime”. A prototypical analysis was conducted in IRAMUEQ software. Results showed that, though social representations of dictatorship are still critical, some elements that represent it positively are standing out, even in the central core. These positive representations seem to be anchored in political positioning and to be related to absence of information about the dictatorship in school. Results are discussed considering the political context of crisis, the social representations, collective memory and media theories comparing with previous studies about TRCs impact in other countries

Frustrated multiband superconductivity

We show that a clean multiband superconductor may display one or several phase transitions with increasing temperature from or to frustrated configurations of the relative phases of the superconducting order parameters. These transitions may occur when more than two bands are involved in the formation of the superconducting phase and when the number of repulsive interband interactions is odd. These transitions are signalled by slope changes in the temperature dependence of the superconducting gaps.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Revisiting the mass of open clusters with \emph{Gaia} data

The publication of the \emph{Gaia} catalogue and improvements in methods to determine memberships and fundamental parameters of open clusters has led to major advances in recent years. However, important parameters such as the masses of these objects, although being studied mostly in some isolated cases, have not been addressed in large homogeneous samples based on \emph{Gaia} data, taking into account details such as binary fractions. Consequently, relevant aspects such as the existence of mass segregation were not adequately studied. Within this context, in this work, we introduce a new method to determine individual stellar masses, including an estimation for the ones in binary systems. This method allows us to study the mass of open clusters, as well as the mass functions of the binary star populations. We validate the method and its efficiency and characterize uncertainties using a grid of synthetic clusters with predetermined parameters. We highlight the application of the method to the Pleiades cluster, showing that the results obtained agree with the current consensus in the literature as well as recent \emph{Gaia} data. We then applied the procedure to a sample of 773 open clusters with fundamental parameters determined using \emph{Gaia Early Data Release 3 (eDR3)} data, obtaining their masses. Subsequently, we investigated the relation between the masses and other fundamental parameters of the clusters. Among the results, we found no significant evidence that clusters in our sample lose and segregate mass with age.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species

We provide an illustrated list of species belonging to the genus Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) collected during an expedition conducted between September 10-21, 2011 in the northern part of the Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, a remote region of Amazon rainforest. A total of 46 individuals were collected belonging to 15 species. For all recorded species, drawings of male genitalia and behavioral information are provided to support future studies on the taxonomy of the group. A new species, Symmachia divisora Dolibaina and Leite, sp. nov., is described, and a revised status for Symmachia hetaerina hesione Stichel, 1910, stat. rev., is proposed.Fornecemos a lista ilustrada das espécies pertencentes ao gênero Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) coletadas durante uma expedição entre os dias 10-21 de setembro de 2011 na porção norte do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brasil, uma remota região de Floresta Amazônica. Ao total foram coletados 46 indivíduos pertencentes a 15 espécies. Para todas as espécies registradas são fornecidos desenhos da genitália masculina e informações de comportamento, com a finalidade de subsidiar futuros trabalhos sobre a taxonomia do grupo. Uma nova espécie, Symmachia divisora Dolibaina and Leite, sp. nov., é descrita, assim como é proposto um status revalidado para Symmachia hetaerina hesione Stichel, 1910, stat. rev.

Discriminação baseada no peso: representações sociais de internautas sobre a gordofobia

The concept of fat phobia has been usually used to define ways of discrimination towards overweight bodies. The present work aimed to know the social representations of fat phobia elaborated by internet users. A documental research was conducted based on internet comments on an article about fat phobia published by the Superinteressante magazine. Selected opinions comprised a textual corpus which was submitted to a lexical analysis through IRAMUTEQ, revealing five thematic classes: (i) "Health as discourse to justify discrimination", (ii) "Fat versus Slim: instituting differences", (iii) "Weight loss: reinforcement versus deconstruction of the standard", (iv) "Fat phobia: invention or reality?" and (v) "Fat phobia and the (in)appropriateness of affirmative actions". Anchored on the technical and scientific argument which affirms that obesity is an epidemic disease, the representations of internet users legitimized discrimination and prejudice processes against overweight people. Moreover, ironic propositions against quota policy for overweight people showed a dissatisfaction about the existence of affirmative actions that promote equality among social groups, ratifying the idea that the privileges cannot be granted to “inferior groups” or depreciated groups, and these groups, in order to be respected by society, should try to fit their bodies into the refined standard. In this context, aiming to make fat phobia an irrelevant topic, disqualifying the magazine’s approach on this topic, representational strategies directed to deny its existence by comparing suffering between groups or setting differences (fats x thins) was observed. Considering the lack of researches about discrimination against overweight in Brazil, other studies on this topic are suggested

Canonical transformations in quantum mechanics

This paper presents the general theory of canonical transformations of coordinates in quantum mechanics. First, the theory is developed in the formalism of phase space quantum mechanics. It is shown that by transforming a star-product, when passing to a new coordinate system, observables and states transform as in classical mechanics, i.e., by composing them with a transformation of coordinates. Then the developed formalism of coordinate transformations is transferred to a standard formulation of quantum mechanics. In addition, the developed theory is illustrated on examples of particular classes of quantum canonical transformations.Comment: 26 page