Revised Distribution Records of Some Minnesota Fishes

Recent collections of fishes from Minnesota have resulted in the addition of one species, Fundulus sciadicus (Cyprinodontidae), to the state\u27s inland faunal list. Additional information on the distribution of 12 other species (Notropis topeka, Notropis spilooterus, Ictiobus byprinellus, Carpiodes byprinus, Moxostoma valenciennesi, Notorus flavus, Morone chrysops, Lepomis megalotis, Stizostedion canadense, Percina shumardi, Etheostoma caeruleum, and Cottus bairdi) is presented. These new records are the result of field work in the Missouri River, Red River, and Lake Superior drainage systems of Minnesota

XMM-Newton Detects a Hot Gaseous Halo in the Fastest Rotating Spiral Galaxy UGC 12591

We present our XMM-Newton observation of the fastest rotating spiral galaxy UGC 12591. We detect hot gas halo emission out to 110 kpc from the galaxy center, and constrain the halo gas mass to be smaller than 3.5e11 solar masses. We also measure the temperature of the hot gas as T=0.64\pm0.03 keV. Combining our X-ray constraints and the near-infrared and radio measurements in the literature, we find a baryon mass fraction of 0.03-0.04 in UGC 12591, suggesting a missing baryon mass of 75% compared with the cosmological mean value. Combined with another recent measurement in NGC 1961, the result strongly argues that the majority of missing baryons in spiral galaxies does not reside in their hot halos. We also find that UGC 12591 lies significantly below the baryonic Tully-Fisher relationship. Finally, we find that the baryon fractions of massive spiral galaxies are similar to those of galaxy groups with similar masses, indicating that the baryon loss is ultimately controlled by the gravitational potential well. The cooling radius of this gas halo is small, similar to NGC 1961, which argues that the majority of stellar mass of this galaxy is not assembled as a result of cooling of this gas halo.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Ap

Lab Measures of Other-Regarding Preferences Can Predict Some Related On-the-Job Behavior: Evidence from a Large Scale Field Experiment

We measure a specific form of other-regarding behavior, costly cooperation with an anonymous other, among 645 subjects at a trucker training program in the Midwestern US. Using subjects' second-mover strategy in a sequential form of the Prisoners' Dilemma, we categorize subjects as: Free Rider, Conditional Cooperator, and Unconditional Cooperator. We observe the subjects on the job for up to two years afterwards in two naturally-occurring choices – whether to send two types of satellite uplink messages from their trucks. The first identifies trailers requiring repair, which benefits fellow drivers, while the second benefits the experimenters by giving them some follow-up data. Because of the specific nature of the technology and job conditions (which we carefully review) each of these otherwise situationally similar field decisions represents an act of costly cooperation towards an anonymous other in a setting that does not admit of repeated-game or reputation-effect explanations. We find that individual differences in costly cooperation observed in the lab do predict individual differences in the field in the first choice but not the second. We suggest that this difference is linked to the difference in the social identities of the beneficiaries (fellow drivers versus experimenters), and we conjecture that whether or not individual variations in pro-sociality generalize across settings (whether in the lab or field) may depend in part on this specific contextual factor: whether the social identities, and the relevant prescriptions (or norms) linked to them that are salient for subjects (as in Akerlof and Kranton (2000); (2010)), are appropriately parallel

Moving ahead by thinking backwards: Cognitive skills, personality, and economic preferences in collegiate success

We collected personality (Big Five) and demographic characteristics, and ran incentivized experiments measuring cognitive skills (non-verbal IQ, numeracy, backward induction/planning), and economic (time, risk) preferences, with 100 students at a small public undergraduate liberal arts college in the Midwestern US as part of a larger study that collected the same measures from 1,065 trainee truckers. Using standardized (z-score) versions of our variables we analyze their relative power to predict (1) timely graduation (four years or less), (2) graduation in six years or less, and (3) final GPA. The proactive aspect of Conscientious (but not the inhibitive one) has a large and robust positive effect on all three outcomes, and Agreeableness has a robust negative effect on both graduation outcomes, but not on GPA. Economic time preferences predict graduation in four years, and GPA. Cognitive skill measures predict as expected if entered individually in a multivariate model, but when all variables compete it is only our backward induction measure ("Hit15") that weakly predicts graduation in four years, and strongly predicts graduation in six years. Trainee truckers work in a different vocational setting and their results are appropriately different, but there is a common element: Hit15 also predicts job success (completing a one year employment contract that makes training free). We interpret Hit15 as capturing a specific part of the cognitive skills required for selfmanagement in non-routine settings - thinking backward from future goals to make the best current choice - that is not well measured by existing instruments, and suggest this deserves further scientific and institutional scrutiny

Moving Ahead by Thinking Backwards: Cognitive Skills, Personality, and Economic Preferences in Collegiate Success

We collected personality (Big Five) and demographic characteristics, and ran incentivized experiments measuring cognitive skills (non-verbal IQ, numeracy, backward induction/ planning), and economic (time, risk) preferences, with 100 students at a small public undergraduate liberal arts college in the Midwestern US as part of a larger study that collected the same measures from 1,065 trainee truckers. Using standardized (z-score) versions of our variables we analyze their relative power to predict (1) timely graduation (four years or less), (2) graduation in six years or less, and (3) final GPA. The proactive aspect of Conscientious (but not the inhibitive one) has a large and robust positive effect on all three outcomes, and Agreeableness has a robust negative effect on both graduation outcomes, but not on GPA. Economic time preferences predict graduation in four years, and GPA. Cognitive skill measures predict as expected if entered individually in a multivariate model, but when all variables compete it is only our backward induction measure (Hit15) that weakly predicts graduation in four years, and strongly predicts graduation in six years. Trainee truckers work in a different vocational setting and their results are appropriately different, but there is a common element: Hit15 also predicts their job success (completing a one year employment contract that makes training free). We interpret Hit15 as capturing a specific part of the cognitive skills required for self-management in non-routine settings thinking backward from future goals to make the best current choice that is not well measured by existing instruments, and suggest this deserves further scientific and institutional scrutiny

Health behavior and accident risk: Obesity is associated with the future risk of heavy truck crashes among newly recruited commercial drivers

This study estimates the dose-response relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and crash risk in commercial motor vehicle operators. Intake data was collected on 744 new truck drivers who were training for their commercial driver's licenses at a school operated by the cooperating trucking firm during the first two-week phase of instruction. Drivers were then followed prospectively on the job using the firm's operational data for two years, or until employment separation, whichever came first. Multivariate Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relationship between crash risk and BMI, controlling for exposure using miles driven, trip segments, and job type. Results from the Poisson regression indicated that the risk ratio (RR) for all crashes was significantly higher for drivers in the obesity Class II and Class III categories: RR= 1.6, confidence interval 1.2-2.1 and RR= 1.49, confidence interval 1.12-1.99, respectively. Similarly, the multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard model results showed that crash risk was significantly higher for obesity class II (BMI 35 to 40; RR = 1.35, P =0.06) when compared to normal BMI (BMI 18.5 to <25). The results of this prospective study establish an association between obesity and crash risk show that driver health behavior has important spillovers for public safety

Profiles of SUMO and ubiquitin conjugation in an Alzheimer's disease model

► Global levels of ubiquitinated proteins increased in the hippocampus of Tg2576 mice. ► No global changes in either SUMO-1 or SUMO-2/3 conjugation in any brain regions analysed. ► SUMO conjugating and deconjugating enzymes, UBC9 and SENP-1, unaltered in Tg2576 mice. ► Total levels of AMPA and kainate receptors were also unaffected in Tg2576 mice. ► Posttranslational modification by ubiquitin may play a role in Alzheimer's disease

Stabilized finite elements for compressible turbulent Navier-Stokes

In this research a stabilized finite element approach is utilized in the development of a high-order flow solver for compressible turbulent flows. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and modified Spalart-Almaras (SA) turbulence model are discretized using the streamline/upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) scheme. A fully implicit methodology is used to obtain steady state solutions or to drive unsteady problems at each time step. Order of accuracy is assessed for inviscid and viscous flows in two and three dimensions via the method of manufactured solutions. Proper treatment of curved surface geometries is of vital importance in high-order methods, especially when high aspect ratio elements are used in viscous flow regions. In two dimensions, analytic surface representations are used to ensure proper surface point placement, and an algebraic mesh smoothing procedure is applied to prevent invalid elements in high aspect ratio meshes. In dealing with complex three-dimensional geometries, high-order curved surfaces are generated via a Computational Analysis PRogramming Interface (CAPRI), while the interior meshes are deformed through a linear elasticity solver. In addition, the effects of curved elements on solution accuracy are evaluated. Finally, several test cases in two and three dimensions are presented and compared with benchmark results and/or experimental data

Patient-reported outcomes in integrated health and social care:A scoping review

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have potential to support integrated health and social care research and practice; however, evidence of their utilisation has not been synthesised. Objective: To identify PRO measures utilised in integrated care and adult social care research and practice and to chart the evidence of implementation factors influencing their uptake. Design: Scoping review of peer-reviewed literature. Data sources: Six databases (01 January 2010 to 19 May 2023). Study selection: Articles reporting PRO use with adults (18+ years) in integrated care or social care settings. Review methods: We screened articles against pre-specified eligibility criteria; 36 studies (23%) were extracted in duplicate for verification. We summarised the data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: We identified 159 articles reporting on 216 PRO measures deployed in a social care or integrated care setting. Most articles used PRO measures as research tools. Eight (5.0%) articles used PRO measures as an intervention. Articles focused on community-dwelling participants (35.8%) or long-term care home residents (23.9%), with three articles (1.9%) focussing on integrated care settings. Stakeholders viewed PROs as feasible and acceptable, with benefits for care planning, health and wellbeing monitoring as well as quality assurance. Patient-reported outcome measure selection, administration and PRO data management were perceived implementation barriers. Conclusion: This scoping review showed increasing utilisation of PROs in adult social care and integrated care. Further research is needed to optimise PROs for care planning, design effective training resources and develop policies and service delivery models that prioritise secure, ethical management of PRO data

Patient-reported outcomes in integrated health and social care:A scoping review

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have potential to support integrated health and social care research and practice; however, evidence of their utilisation has not been synthesised. Objective: To identify PRO measures utilised in integrated care and adult social care research and practice and to chart the evidence of implementation factors influencing their uptake. Design: Scoping review of peer-reviewed literature. Data sources: Six databases (01 January 2010 to 19 May 2023). Study selection: Articles reporting PRO use with adults (18+ years) in integrated care or social care settings. Review methods: We screened articles against pre-specified eligibility criteria; 36 studies (23%) were extracted in duplicate for verification. We summarised the data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: We identified 159 articles reporting on 216 PRO measures deployed in a social care or integrated care setting. Most articles used PRO measures as research tools. Eight (5.0%) articles used PRO measures as an intervention. Articles focused on community-dwelling participants (35.8%) or long-term care home residents (23.9%), with three articles (1.9%) focussing on integrated care settings. Stakeholders viewed PROs as feasible and acceptable, with benefits for care planning, health and wellbeing monitoring as well as quality assurance. Patient-reported outcome measure selection, administration and PRO data management were perceived implementation barriers. Conclusion: This scoping review showed increasing utilisation of PROs in adult social care and integrated care. Further research is needed to optimise PROs for care planning, design effective training resources and develop policies and service delivery models that prioritise secure, ethical management of PRO data