The relation between disordered eating, stress, and anxiety in first-year college women

Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses which can impact any individual. Although they can negatively affect anyone, they disproportionately affect young women. The same is true for individuals with disordered eating. Disordered eating is more common than clinical eating disorders. The term disordered eating refers to subclinical eating disturbances. Past research has demonstrated a relation between disordered eating, stress, and anxiety. The current study expands upon this by examining these variables in first-year college-enrolled women. Participants were n=99 first-year college women who filled out the DASS-21, the EDE-Q, and a demographics questionnaire. Based on previous results, it was hypothesized that there would be a significant positive correlation between disordered eating and stress. It was also hypothesized that there would be a significant positive correlation between disordered eating and anxiety. Hypothesis one was supported, with a positive, significant correlation between disordered eating and stress, but hypothesis two was not supported. Additional analyses found that the DASS-21 stress subscale was significantly correlated with four out of the five subscales from the EDE-Q, whereas the DASS-21 anxiety subscale was only significantly correlated with one of five. Results from the current study indicate that interventions should be implemented on college campuses, including mindfulness and nutrition education programs, to target women with symptoms of stress and disordered eating

The Relation between Disordered Eating, Stress, and Anxiety in First-Year College Women

Research has shown that there is an increase in rates of stress and disordered eating for students transitioning to college. The current study examined this connection by determining the relation between disordered eating, stress, and anxiety in first-year college women. To this end, 99 college-enrolled women completed paper-and-pencil surveys in a psychology lab, such as the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). According to the results, the DASS-21 stress sum was significantly correlated with the EDE-Q total disordered eating sum (r(92) =.330, p = .001), but the DASS-21 anxiety sum was not (r(92) = .075, p = .473). Further detailed analyses will be presented examining the relation between various subscales of the DASS-21 and EDE-Q. These results suggest that college mental health resources should be focused on reducing stress and identifying eating problems in the transition to college

Student is a Nice Name for Free Labor

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) contends that the principle of amateurism protects student-athletes and ensures that their number one priority is education. Although this may have been true when the NCAA was formed, the commercialization of college sports and accompanying monetary incentives have enticed the NCAA to enforce rules that exploit student- athletes at the detriment of their education. The NCAA’s impure motives are no longer going unnoticed. The public is disgusted by what it sees in the media. Student-athletes are rebelling by suing the NCAA for violating federal antitrust laws. The states are passing laws that give the NCAA no choice but to make a change. Courts are chipping away at the principle of amateurism one case at a time. The NCAA must be held accountable. This note proposes a three-part, student-centered solution to reform the current state of affairs. First, the United States Supreme Court should definitively hold that the principle of amateurism is not a legitimate procompetitive purpose for the NCAA to pursue. Second, the NCAA should abolish the principle of amateurism and create a line of demarcation between college and professional athletics by redefining the term “student-athlete” to place an appropriate emphasis on education. Third, the universities should improve the current curriculum options offered to student-athletes

Meat-Wise Eating Habits

Whether from a cow, pig, bird, fish, or other domestic or game animal, meat is universally enjoyed as part of the cultural culinary experience. It is also an excellent source of protein, which is important for a healthy body. Many people who eat meat, however, are not aware of the impact their consumption has on the environment. This guide provides a set of quick facts and action tools to make wiser choices concerning meat consumption

Development and evaluation of a subunit DIVA vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 8 in cattle

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes the primarily vector-borne bluetongue disease of ruminants, which poses a permanent threat to Europe since new serotypes and strains are frequently introduced. Vaccination of cattle is essential to control BTV outbreaks. Commercial attenuated and inactivated vaccines are efficacious in reducing BTV spread and disease, but do not fulfil all safety, adaptability, or production requirements. Additionally, no current vaccines allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). DIVA vaccines enable surveillance of BTV epidemiology and vaccine efficacy, and facilitate a quick return for countries to a BTV-free status. This thesis presents the development and evaluation of a novel subunit DIVA vaccine against BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) in cattle. Five His-tagged recombinant BTV proteins (VP2, VP5 of BTV-8; NS1, NS2, NS3 of BTV-2) were produced in baculovirus or E. coli expression systems. Purification protocols were optimized for all but VP5. Based on the feasibility of protein production and the capability of the remaining four proteins to induce humoral or cellular immune responses in mice, VP2, NS1, and NS2 were selected to formulate an experimental vaccine combined to an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant (SubV). Next, cattle were immunized twice at a three-week interval with SubV, a commercial inactivated vaccine, or a placebo. SubV induced humoral immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies, against all three proteins, as well as a cellular immune response directed against NS1. These responses were of similar type and comparable magnitude between both vaccines, suggesting that SubV might provide protection that is at least as effective as the commercial vaccine. Finally, the protective efficacy of SubV was evaluated and complete virological and clinical protection against virulent BTV-8 challenge was observed following vaccination in calves. This was likely due to the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies directed against VP2 of BTV-8 and cross-serotype T cell responses directed against NS1 and NS2 of BTV-2. Furthermore, SubV was shown to be DIVA-compliant based on the detection of antibodies directed against VP7, by using commercially-available diagnostic assays. This novel BTV subunit vaccine is a promising candidate and should be further developed

Electrical stimulation to promote osseointegration of bone anchoring implants: a topical review

Electrical stimulation has shown to be a promising approach for promoting osseointegration in bone anchoring implants, where osseointegration defines the biological bonding between the implant surface and bone tissue. Bone-anchored implants are used in the rehabilitation of hearing and limb loss, and extensively in edentulous patients. Inadequate osseointegration is one of the major factors of implant failure that could be prevented by accelerating or enhancing the osseointegration process by artificial means. In this article, we reviewed the efforts to enhance the biofunctionality at the bone-implant interface with electrical stimulation using the implant as an electrode. We reviewed articles describing different electrode configurations, power sources, and waveform-dependent stimulation parameters tested in various in vitro and in vivo models. In total 55 English-language and peer-reviewed publications were identified until April 2020 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Chalmers University of Technology Library discovery system using the keywords: osseointegration, electrical stimulation, direct current and titanium implant. Thirteen of those publications were within the scope of this review. We reviewed and compared studies from the last 45\ua0years and found nonuniform protocols with disparities in cell type and animal model, implant location, experimental timeline, implant material, evaluation assays, and type of electrical stimulation. The reporting of stimulation parameters was also found to be inconsistent and incomplete throughout the literature. Studies using in vitro models showed that osteoblasts were sensitive to the magnitude of the electric field and duration of exposure, and such variables similarly affected bone quantity around implants in in vivo investigations. Most studies showed benefits of electrical stimulation in the underlying processes leading to osseointegration, and therefore we found the idea of promoting osseointegration by using electric fields to be supported by the available evidence. However, such an effect has not been demonstrated conclusively nor optimally in humans. We found that optimal stimulation parameters have not been thoroughly investigated and this remains an important step towards the clinical translation of this concept. In addition, there is a need for reporting standards to enable meta-analysis for evidence-based treatments