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A bounded jump for the bounded Turing degrees

We define the bounded jump of A by A^b = {x | Exists i <= x [phi_i (x) converges and Phi_x^[A|phi_i(x)](x) converges} and let A^[nb] denote the n-th bounded jump. We demonstrate several properties of the bounded jump, including that it is strictly increasing and order preserving on the bounded Turing (bT) degrees (also known as the weak truth-table degrees). We show that the bounded jump is related to the Ershov hierarchy. Indeed, for n > 1 we have X <=_[bT] 0^[nb] iff X is omega^n-c.e. iff X <=_1 0^[nb], extending the classical result that X <=_[bT] 0' iff X is omega-c.e. Finally, we prove that the analogue of Shoenfield inversion holds for the bounded jump on the bounded Turing degrees. That is, for every X such that 0^b <=_[bT] X <=_[bT] 0^[2b], there is a Y <=_[bT] 0^b such that Y^b =_[bT] X.Comment: 22 pages. Minor changes for publicatio

Growth and Diversity of the Population of the Soviet Union

The most remarkable feature of the Soviet Union's demography is its ethnic diversity. More than 90 ethnic groups are indigenous to the territory of the Soviet Union. Ethnic Russians composed only 50.8 percent of the population according to preliminary 1989 census results. The article examines official Soviet statistics for the period 1959 to 1989 to illustrate some of the risks in describing Soviet demographic behavior. Is fertility in the Soviet Union high or low? Answer: both. Is the Soviet population growing rapidly or slowly? Answer: both. The changing ethnic composition of the population of the USSR as a whole reflects large differences in growth rates of ethnic groups; the changing composition of the USSR by region also reflects differences in migration by ethnic group. Differences in growth rates are reshaping the ethnic composition of the Soviet labor force. For the USSR as a whole between 1979 and 1989, three-fourths of the net increment to the working ages was contributed by the one-sixth of the population in 1979 that was traditionally Muslim in religion.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67141/2/10.1177_000271629051000112.pd

“Our Only Child Has Died” – A Study of Bereaved Older Chinese Parents

Long and complicated grief is a relevant factor contributing to the deterioration of the older adults’ later life quality. In China, the unintentional consequence of the one child policy has emerged. There, the group of older adults who lost their only child is called shiduers. The current study compared 42 older adults who lost their only child to 33 older adults who have a child, in term of their physical and mental health, and social support. The results confirmed the general deteriorating trend in those aspects of the bereaved Chinese parents’ life after their only child’s death. The results also revealed the impairments on the shiduers’ physical, mental, and social aspects were significant, compared to the clinical diagnosis cutoff points used in Western countries. Unique policy and cultural characteristics are the main factors contributing to the severe impairment of shiduers. Results have implications for policy advocacy and practice intervention in specific cultural environments

The Samurai in Medieval Japan: A Teacher Resource & Curriculum Companion Based on the Japanese Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

This resource guide utilizes the fascination with the samurai and their honor code system, known as bushido, to examine the eastern feudal system, and the artistic and cultural traditions of Medieval Japan. The six provided lessons in this resource support a museum visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art\u27s Mary Griggs Burke Collection of Japanese Art and the Arms and Armor Collection. They are directed to build upon each other to provide students with a meaningful sequence of experiences and attempts to address a diverse body of learners through variance of activities and the integration of academic areas such as reading and art. Preceding each of these lessons is background information and recommended readings to familiarize teachers on key topics presented. An appendices which consists of additional resources such as geography and mapping activities, discussion questions for a recommended historical fiction reading, and a bibliography is included as well

The Visual Rhetoric Of Royalty

This thesis examines how three British female royals, Queen Elizabeth II, Diana Princess of Wales, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, use visual rhetoric to gain and maintain power in a world where they are rarely allowed to use their actual voices. The female royals use photographs to convey their messages and gain support from the public. Elizabeth\u27s visual agenda of androgyny allows her to gain the authority that her role of sovereign requires, while Diana used pathos to create a connection with a public to emphasize that she was the people\u27s princess. Following their leads, Catherine is learning to use photographs to convey that she exhibits traits of both women. Utilizing Debbie Abilock\u27s visual information literacy theory as well as desired British characteristics from As Others See Us, select photographs of these three women will be used for the purpose of examining these women\u27s visual rhetoric. As Cara Finnegan points out, photographs serve as rhetorical images when they are created not just to represent a reality, but to persuade the viewers of a particular interpretation of reality. These image vernaculars prompt viewers to engage in an enthymematic mode of reasoning. While all three women use their photographs to convey different messages about who they are and their relationship to the British people, all three have clearly capitalized on the power of visual rhetoric. They understand that such images have the power to create or destroy their popularity