Relationships between changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and changes in cortical thickness.

<p>The figure depicts, from the left to right: relationships for the medial and lateral view of the right hemisphere, the lateral and medial view of the left hemisphere, and the cortical areas where the tracts project are shown for the left hemisphere in medial and lateral view, respectively. Red color denotes significant positive relationships, i.e. more cortical thinning with greater decreases in FA, and blue color denote negative relationships (i.e. more cortical thinning with lesser decrease in FA). Pink lines displayed on the cortical surface represent an outline of the estimated tract endings. FMaj = Forceps Major, FMin = Forceps Minor, SLFP = Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus Parietal part, UNC = Uncinate Fasciculus, ATR = Anterior Thalamic Radiation, CST = Corticospinal Tract. As can be seen, for all tracts except for the Forceps Minor, decreasing FA related to cortical thinning in select areas, and for the Uncinate fasciculus, a mixed relationship across areas was seen.</p

Pearson correlations between annual percent change (APC) and age.

<p>Pearson correlations between annual percent change (APC) and age.</p

Scatterplots depicting the relationship between annual percent change (APC) in mean diffusivity (MD) of the forceps major (Fmaj) and cortical thickness change.

<p>The select areas shown are those showing significant relationships depicted in the upper panel of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156770#pone.0156770.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>. Panel A depicts relationships in left hemisphere (lh) superior frontal (sup front) and right hemisphere (rh) superior frontal and cingulate cortices, Panel B depicts relationship in left temporal parietal and right temporal cortices, and panel C depicts relationships in the left cingulate and right parietal and cingulate cortices.</p

Mean Annual Percentage Change (APC) for the tracts.

<p>Mean Annual Percentage Change (APC) for the tracts.</p

Characteristics of participants (n = 201, 118/83 females/males) at the two time points (Tp1 and Tp2).

<p>Characteristics of participants (n = 201, 118/83 females/males) at the two time points (Tp1 and Tp2).</p

Disease activity in different treatment groups.

<p>Treatment groups as baseline of patients with EDA or NEDA one year later.</p

AD change in white matter tracts and working memory change.

<p>AD change in white matter tracts and working memory change.</p

Spatial Span Backward and Digit Span Backward scores with age.

<p>Spaghetti plots of individual participant change in Spatial Span Backward and Digit Span Backward scores with age (years). Females are plotted in red and males in blue. For each measure, an assumption-free general additive mixed model as a function of age was fitted to accurately describe group-level changes across the age range.</p

FA or MD and change in visuospatial working memory.

<p>Scatterplots showing linear relationships between change in FA or MD and change in visuospatial working memory. The plots show FA and MD in TOIs, plotted as z-transformed change values. For Spatial Span Backward scores age, sex and interval are regressed out, and for each TOI age, sex, interval and motion at both time points are regressed out. The partial correlation (r) between change in FA and MD in specific white matter tracts and change in Spatial Span Backward scores, controlling for age, sex, interval and motion at both time points are presented in each plot. The color-coded scatterplots represent the color of each specific white matter tract. Color codes refer to: Yellow: Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), Red: Forceps major (FMaj), Light blue: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and Green: Uncinate fasciculus (UF). R = right.</p

MD change in white matter tracts and working memory change.

<p>MD change in white matter tracts and working memory change.</p