Associations of diabetes susceptibility variants with risk of incident CVD.

a<p>SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism</p>b<p>According to type 2 diabetes risk increasing allele in original reports</p>c<p>Model 1 adjusted for sex, age and cohort. HR is per risk increasing allele</p>d<p>Model 2 adjusted for sex, age, cohort and prevalent diabetes. HR is per risk increasing allele</p

Associations of diabetes susceptibility variants with risk of incident CVD in MONICA 1 and Inter99.

a<p>SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism</p>b<p>According to type 2 diabetes risk increasing allele in original reports</p>c<p>RAF, risk allele frequency</p>d<p>Model 1 adjusted for sex and age. HR is per risk increasing allele</p>e<p>Model 2 adjusted for sex, age and prevalent diabetes. HR is per risk increasing allele</p>f<p>According to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050418#pone.0050418-Grarup1" target="_blank">[5]</a></p

Significance of age, gender, country, and their interactions, for risk of having the metabolic syndrome or its individual components in adjusted logistic regression models.

<p><i>P</i><0.05 indicates a significant interaction term in the logistic regression model.</p><p>Adjusted for age, sex, country, total cholesterol, smoking- and fasting status.</p><p>MetS ATP indicates the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III; and MetS IDF, the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation.</p><p>Significance of age, gender, country, and their interactions, for risk of having the metabolic syndrome or its individual components in adjusted logistic regression models.</p

Frequency of MetS according to gender and age group.

<p>MetS indicates the metabolic syndrome; IDF, the International Diabetes Federation (MetS IDF) criteria and the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (MetS ATP) criteria. Numbers above each bar indicate total number of persons with MetS/total number of persons in the given age group; All <i>P</i><0.0001 for each of the 4 MetS/gender combination across age groups. Within each age group, <i>P</i><0.0001 between genders, except for MetS ATP in ages 40–49 years (<i>P</i> = 0.57).</p

Hazard ratio for different definitions of the metabolic syndrome by age category and event type in men and women.

<p>N indicates the number of events; MetS IDF, metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation; and MetS ATP, metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III.</p><p>Cox model adjusted for smoking (yes/no), cholesterol (continuous), and fasting (full/semi/no fasting).</p>a<p>For the total population, the Cox model is adjusted for age, smoking (yes/no), total cholesterol (continuous), and fasting (full/semi/no fasting).</p><p>Hazard ratio for different definitions of the metabolic syndrome by age category and event type in men and women.</p

Age- and gender-specific incidence rates per 1000 person years for CVD with or without the presence of MetS.

<p>MetS IDF indicates the metabolic syndrome defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria; MetS ATP, the metabolic syndrome defined according to the National Cholesterol Eduation Program-Adult Treatment Panel III; and CVD, cardiovascular disease: (A) fatal and nonfatal CHD, (B) fatal and nonfatal stroke, and (C) cardiovascular death. Numbers above each bar indicate events/persons. Comparison of incidence rates between men and women with MetS within each age group using Pearson Chi²-test, <i>P</i><0.05^a, <i>P</i><0.0001^b, and NS indicates non-significance, <i>P</i>>0.05.</p

Significance of interactions between age, gender, and the metabolic syndrome for subsequent CVD risk in adjusted Cox regression models.

<p><i>P</i><0.05 indicates a significant interaction term in the Cox regression model.</p><p>CHD indicates coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MetS ATP, the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III; and MetS IDF, the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation.</p><p>Cox model adjusted for smoking (yes/no), cholesterol (continuous), and fasting (full/semi/no fasting).</p><p>Significance of interactions between age, gender, and the metabolic syndrome for subsequent CVD risk in adjusted Cox regression models.</p

Age- and gender-specific incidence rates per 1000 person years for CVD with increasing number of risk factors.

<p>Risk factors refer to the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS); and CVD, cardiovascular disease: (A) fatal and nonfatal CHD, (B) fatal and nonfatal stroke, and (C) cardiovascular death. Numbers above each bar indicate event/person. Overall trend with <i>P</i><0.0001 for incidence rates with increasing number of MetS risk factors and age categories at baseline. Within each age group, the reported <i>P</i> values indicate significant differences in incidence rates with rising number of MetS risk factors, except in men (for CVD) and women (for stroke and CVD) below age 40 years.</p

Frequency of each MetS component according to gender and age group.

<p>MetS indicates the metabolic syndrome; IDF, the International Diabetes Federation; and ATPIII, Adult Treatment Panel III. The men/women ratio is 38639/30455 for all components except for waist circumference (men/women  = 23817/152899) since not all cohorts registered waist circumference. <i>P</i><0.0001 for each MetS component across age groups in men and women separately. Gender differences within each age group, with <i>P</i><0.0001^a, <i>P</i><0.01^b, <i>P</i><0.05^c, NS indicates non-significance, <i>P</i>>0.05, and the dashed line indicates the same level of significance across the age groups.</p

Distribution of risk factors in men (a) and women (B) according to age group.

<p>Values are expressed as numbers (percentages) or median (5% to 95% percentiles).</p>a<p>Number of subjects  = 39106 (Men/Women  = 23817/15289) since not all cohorts registered waist circumference.</p><p>Comparison of risk factor values between age groups (i.e., 19–39 years versus 40–49 years, 40–49 years versus 50–59 years, and so on) for men and women separately, all <i>P</i><0.0001, except. ^b<i>P</i><0.01, ^c<i>P</i><0.05, and ^d<i>P</i>>0.05.</p><p>Comparison of risk factor values between men and women within each age group, all <i>P</i><0.0001, except for SBP levels in ages 60–78 years, and % of diabetics in ages 19–49 years and ages 60–78 years, where all <i>P</i>>0.05.</p><p>Distribution of risk factors in men (a) and women (B) according to age group.</p