952 research outputs found
Comprehension Models of Audiovisual Discourse Processing
Comprehension is integral to enjoyment of media narratives, yet our understanding of how viewers create the situation models that underlie comprehension is limited.This study utilizes two models of comprehension that had previously been tested with factual texts/videos to predict viewersâ recall of entertainment media. Across five television/film clips, the landscape model explained at least 29% of the variance in recall. A dual coding version that assumed separate verbal and visual representations of the story significantly improved the model fit in four of the clips, accounting for an additional 15â29% of the variance. The dimensions of the event-indexingmodel (time, space, protagonist, causality, and intentionality) significantly moderated the relationship between the dual coding model and participant recall in all clips
Thermally excited TrivelpieceâGould modes as a pure electron plasma temperature diagnostic
Thermally excited plasma modes are observed in trapped, near-thermal-equilibrium pure electron plasmas over a temperature range of 0.05<kT<5 eV. The modes are excited and damped by thermal fluctuations in both the plasma and the receiver electronics. The thermal emission spectra together with a plasma-antenna coupling coefficient calibration uniquely determine the plasma (and load) temperature. This calibration is obtained from the mode spectra themselves when the receiver-generated noise absorption is measurable; or from separate wave reflection/absorption measurements; or from kinetic theory. This nondestructive temperature diagnostic agrees well with standard diagnostics, and may be useful for expensive species such as antimatter
Thermally excited fluctuations as a pure electron plasma temperature diagnostic
Thermally excited charge fluctuations in pure electron plasma columns provide a diagnostic for the plasma temperature over a range of 0.05 0.2, so that Landau damping is dominant and well modeled by theory. The third method compares the total (frequency-integrated) number delta N of fluctuating image charges on the wall antenna to a simple thermodynamic calculation. This method works when lambda(D)/R-p > 0.2
Thermal excitation of Trivelpiece-Gould modes in a pure electron plasma
Thermally excited plasma modes are observed in trapped, near-thermal-equilibrium pure electron plasmas over a temperature range of 0.05<T<5 eV. The measured thermal emission spectra together with a separate measurement of the wave absorption coefficient uniquely determines the temperature. Alternately, kinetic theory including the antenna geometry and the measured mode damping (i.e. spectral width) gives the plasma impedance, obviating the reflection measurement. This non-destructive temperature diagnostic agrees well with standard diagnostics, and may be useful for expensive species such as anti-matter
Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Controls of Plant Nighttime Stomatal Conductance
The widely documented phenomenon of nighttime stomatal conductance (gsn) could lead to substantial water loss with no carbon gain, and thus it remains unclear whether nighttime stomatal conductance confers a functional advantage. Given that studies of gsn have focused on controlled environments or small numbers of species in natural environments, a broad phylogenetic and biogeographic context could provide insights into potential adaptive benefits of gsn.
We measured gsn on a diverse suite of species (n = 73) across various functional groups and climatesâofâorigin in a common garden to study the phylogenetic and biogeographic/climatic controls on gsn and further assessed the degree to which gsn coâvaried with leaf functional traits and daytime gas exchange rates.
Closely related species were more similar in gsn than expected by chance. Herbaceous species had higher gsn than woody species. Species that typically grow in climates with lower mean annual precipitation â where the fitness cost of water loss should be the highest â generally had higher gsn.
Our results reveal the highest gsn rates in species from environments where neighboring plants compete most strongly for water, suggesting a possible role for the competitive advantage of gsn
Radio Frequency Magneto-Optical Trapping of CaF with High Density
We demonstrate significantly improved magneto-optical trapping of molecules
using a very slow cryogenic beam source and RF modulated and DC magnetic
fields. The RF MOT confines CaF molecules at a density of
cm, which is an order of magnitude greater than
previous molecular MOTs. Near Doppler-limited temperatures of K
are attained. The achieved density enables future work to directly load optical
tweezers and create optical arrays for quantum simulation.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 Figure
One dimensional magneto-optical compression of a cold CaF molecular beam
We demonstrate with a RF-MOT the one dimensional, transverse magneto-optical
compression of a cold beam of calcium monofluoride (CaF). By continually
alternating the magnetic field direction and laser polarizations of the
magneto-optical trap, a photon scattering rate of 0.4 MHz is
achieved. A 3D model for this RF-MOT, validated by agreement with data,
predicts a 3D RF-MOT capture velocity for CaF of 5 m/s
Laser slowing of CaF molecules to near the capture velocity of a molecular MOT
Laser slowing of CaF molecules down to the capture velocity of a
magneto-optical trap (MOT) for molecules is achieved. Starting from a two-stage
buffer gas beam source, we apply frequency-broadened "white-light" slowing and
observe approximately 6x10^4 CaF molecules with velocities near 10\,m/s. CaF is
a candidate for collisional studies in the mK regime. This work represents a
significant step towards magneto-optical trapping of CaF
Root canal morphology of the mandibular second premolar: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Background: The aim of this paper was to systematically review the root canal configuration (RCC) and morphology literature of the mandibular second premolar (Mn2P).
Methods: Systematic research of five electronic databases was performed to identify published literature concerning the root canal configuration (RCC) of the Mn2P up through July 2020. Studies were selected according to predefined search terms and keywords inclusion criteria: âroot canal configurationâ, âroot canal systemâ, âroot canal morphologyâ, âmandibular second premolarâ, âmandibular premolarsâ, âmorphologyâ and âanatomyâ. Further possible studies were identified by cross-referencing and screening the bibliographies of the selected articles.
Results: From 1622 retrieved studies, 44 studies investigating the internal morphology of 17,839 Mn2Ps were included. Most examined Mn2Ps were single-rooted (89.5â100%); two-rooted (0.1â8%) and three-rooted (0.1â3.5%) Mn2Ps at lower frequency. Most frequent RCCs reported were 1â1â1/1 (55.3â99.6%) followed by 1â1â2/2 (0.5â57%) and 2â2â2/2 (0.6â18%). The meta-analysis of seven studies demonstrated that a significantly higher number of RCC type 1â2â1/1 (OR [95%CI] = 2.05 [1.27, 3.33]) and 2â2â2/2 (OR [95%CI] = 2.32 [0.65, 8.63]) were observed in male than in female patients.
Conclusions: Different RCC research methods have been reported. Whereas clearing and radiographs were com- monly used in the past, CBCT has been prevalent in recent years. A globally high frequency of a 1â1â1/1 RCC in the Mn2P has been reported. Nevertheless, the probability that different, more complicated RCCs can appear in Mn2Ps should not be underestimated and, thus, should be taken into consideration when making decisions during an endo- dontic treatment
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