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Sectorial convergence of U-statistics
In this note we show that almost sure convergence to zero of symmetrized
U-statistics indexed by a linear sector in Z^d_+ is equivalent to convergence
along the diagonal of Z^d_+, as it is considered in Lata\la and Zinn [Ann.
Probab. 28 (2000) 1908-1924]. Comparisons with similar results for sums of
multi-indexed i.i.d. random variables are also made.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000001080 in the
Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Radiation balance components of maize hybrids grown at various plant densities.
Components of the energy and heat balances were examined
in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities
(40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the
hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for
cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant
density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also
the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The
extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of
radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments.
By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant
canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout
the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to
the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them.
Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for
irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density
allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was
reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final
temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with
the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the
densely sown stands. There was little difference between the
latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either
hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to
increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it
would appear that the stand density could be increased even
for the drought-tolerant hybrid
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Evaluative Language and Its Solidarity-Building Role on TED.com: An Appraisal and Corpus Analysis
Language is a key resource in the formation of online communities, which are in turn central to an understanding of contemporary social relations. This study looks at TED.com, an educational video-hosting platform with few in-built community-building functionalities, to explore the potential for users to affiliate through their language choices. Grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics, the study uses the Appraisal framework, extended using corpus linguistic methods, in order to analyse users’ reactions to TED videos. The study shows that online participants use evaluative language to align with certain ideas and, based on these affinities, form affiliations characterized by sociability and solidarity. These affiliations raise important questions about the conception of ‘community’ in twenty-first century society
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