Sex Determination Using Human Sphenoid Sinus in a Northeast Iranian Population: A Discriminant Function Analysis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Sex determination, using skeletal remains, is of paramount importance in forensic studies. The skull accounts for the most sexual dimorphism after the pelvis. Recent studies have shown that paranasal sinuses are valuable in sex determination and considering the location of the sphenoid sinus, the risk of traumatic injuries to this structure is low. PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the sphenoid sinus and determine the validity of sphenoid sinus volume (SSV) in sex determination using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images of 469 Iranian patients (186 male and 283 female), aged 24-45 years, were selected. The morphology of the sphenoid sinus was recorded. 3D Slicer software (4.10.0) was used to assess SSVs in coronal and axial planes. For data analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were performed using predictive analytics software (ver. 18.0). RESULTS The most common morphology of the sphenoid sinus in both genders was the sellar type (50.5%). SSV was significantly larger in males than in females (p< 0.001). DFA showed that the capability of SSV in sex identification was 86.0% and 92.9% in males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that SSV is a reliable variable in gender discrimination in a northeast Iranian population. However, since the morphology of the sphenoid sinus and sex were independent of each other, the morphology of the sphenoid sinus is not a suitable indicator for sex determination

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Case Report with Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations and new radiographic feature

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare form of genetic disorder categorized by progressive heterotopic ossification and congenital deformity of the big toes. Heterotopic ossification follows gradual inflammation of the soft tissues (flare-up) and results in limited movements in joints such as the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ). No effective medical treatment has been recognized for the treatment of FOP. FOP is commonly misdiagnosed, especially in the maxillofacial region. Patients with FOP often experience temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Therefore, dental professionals should be careful in planning treatment, including avoiding anesthesia injections, especially in the mandible. This study presents a case of FOP with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. An eight-year-old boy with the chief complaint of reduced mouth opening and clinical and radiological features of FOP.  The patient was referred to Mashhad Dental School in January 2016. He had not previously been diagnosed with FOP

Comparison of cox’s regression model and weibull’ parametric model in evaluating factors affecting in first recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly women's gynecological malignancies in the world, and despite the low prevalence, it accounts for about 5 of all cancer deaths in women. Survival analysis is a regression relationship between a set of variables with a specific outcome, which is considered disease survival or recurrence in medical studies. The aim of this study is to determine the important factors in the first recurrence of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with two statistics methods. In this study, we review medical records of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who referred to the oncology and radiotherapy department of Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran from the beginning of 2007 to the end of 2018. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, as well as the parametric Weibull method, were used to investigate the factors affecting patients' first recurrence. We perform all calculations with Stata Ver14. Of the 141 patients, 58 patients (41) had a first recurrence during our follow-up. The mean time to the first recurrence was 24.88 months. Univariate Cox regression and univariate Weibull analysis showed that metastatic tumor and tumor stage had highly significant effects in the first recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. In multivariate Cox and multivariate Weibull analysis, the metastatic tumor had a significant effect in the first recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. One of the causes of ovarian cancer recurrence may be diagnosis happened at late stages. Therefore, screening programs are needed to reduce illness and death from ovarian cancer. © 2020 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Elongated styloid process: Is it a pathologic condition?

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the length, morphology, and calcification patterns of the elongated stylohyoid process (ESP) on panoramic radiographs and to investigate the symptoms related to it. We then addressed the question: Is ESP a pathologic condition or a physiologic phenomenon? Materials and Methods: In this study, 207 stylohyoid complexes were evaluated based on length, radiographic appearance, and calcification pattern on panoramic radiographs. Similar to previous studies, we considered 30 mm as a threshold for elongation of the process. Complexes were classified into two groups based on length: ESP (greater than or equal to 30 mm) and normal (less than 30 mm). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smilonov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation. Results: The average length of the stylohyoid complex was 31.7 mm. The median was 30.0 mm and corresponded to the threshold for the ESP. The Spearman correlation between the length of the complex and age was 0.323 (P=0.0001). "Continuous" and "calcified outline" were the most frequent morphology and calcification pattern, respectively, for both groups. Clinical symptoms related to ESP were not detected. Conclusion: Classification of the stylohyoid complexes based on apparent length on panoramic radiographs in elongated and normal types appears to be incorrect. Considering that the radiographic appearance of the ESP and normal groups was similar and pathologic symptoms were not detected and that there was a relationship between age and length of the complex, elongation of this complex can be considered as a physiologic phenomenon

Transmigration of Impacted Mandibular Canines: A Report of Four Cases

Intraosseous movement of an unerupted tooth across the midline of the jaw is known as dental transmigration. This infrequent event is mostly found in the mandibular canines. There are four new cases of mandibular canine transmigration presented here. The literature on this anomalous phenomenon is also reviewed

Relationship of the Gonial Angle and Inferior Alveolar Canal Course Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objectives: Accurate localization of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is extremely important in some dental treatments. Anatomical variation of the canal means that it can be difficult to locate. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the gonial angle (GA) size and IAC position using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 61 dry adult human hemi-mandibles were used. The CBCT scans were taken of all samples and GA was measured on all CBCT scans. The samples were divided into two groups of low angle (≤125°) and high angle (>125°). The canal dimensions, length and course were evaluated. On the sagittal view, the IAC path was classified as type A, B or C. On the axial view, canal course was defined as A1 or A2 according to the mental foramen angle. Results: The average GA size was 121.8±7.05° at the right side and 123.8±6.32° at the left side. On the sagittal view, there was a significant correlation between the GA size and the canal course (P=0.04). In the high-angle group, type A was dominant; whereas in the low-angle group, type B was more common. On the axial view of IAC course, type A1 was more common (73.43%). Conclusion: The results showed that GA size was associated with IAC course. In cases with a larger GA, the canal runs in a more straightforward path, and at the same level as the mental foramen. Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography; Mandibular Nerve; Mandibl

Transmigration of impacted mandibular canines-report of 4 cases

Intraosseous movement of an unerupted tooth across the midline of the jaw is known as dental transmigration. This infrequent event is mostly found in the mandibular canines. There are four new cases of mandibular canine transmigration presented here. The literature on this anomalous phenomenon is also reviewed

Predicting factors affecting the first recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer using random survival forest

Predicting survival time has many Effective implications in life quality management for the remainder of the patient's life. Also, survival data are highly variable and make accurate predictions difficult or impossible. Random Survival Forest by repeated tree construction on Bootstrap samples and averaging on the results of these trees reduce the prediction error and cause further generalization of these results. In this retrospective study, the records of 141 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were referred to the oncology and radiotherapy ward of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran from 2007 to 2018 were used. Random Survival Forest was fitted to the data to investigate the key factors affecting the first recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. The mean age of the patients in our study was 52 (23-82) years and the median time to the first recurrence in these was 17 (0.5-127) months, respectively. According to RSF results, using variable importance criterion (VIMP) metastatic tumor with relative importance 2.665 and also using minimal (MD) by depth 2.349, tumor stage with relative importance 1.993 and depth 2.678, and maximum platelet count with relative importance 2.132 and depth 2.683 were the most important variables affecting in the first recurrence of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. One of the disadvantages of classical methods is the inappropriate fitting of many variables and the need for specific assumptions. More advanced methods such as RSF without the need for any specific assumptions with less prediction error can well explain event variations when exposed to high-dimensional data. © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Silent sinus syndrome: A case report

Key Clinical Message A 65‐year‐old patient was referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, with left facial pain and numbness in the upper lip. Based on clinical examinations and radiographic investigations, the patient was diagnosed with silent sinus syndrome. This study discusses oral findings associated with silent sinus syndrome