Factors from the theory of planned behavior and soda consumption patterns among university students

En México, el consumo de bebidas endulzadas o refrescos es uno de los más altos a nivel mundial, esto representa un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de obesidad y enfermedades metabólicas. En este estudio empleamos la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada (TCP) para identificar factores cognitivos asociados a la frecuencia de consumo de refrescos en adultos jóvenes mexicanos. Estudiamos una muestra de 261 personas, 110 hombres y 151 mujeres, de 18 a 45 años de edad (M= 22.51; DE = 4.2). Los participantes completaron cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo e instrumentos basados en la TCP. Se encontraron dos factores predictores independientes y significativos de la frecuencia de consumo, el principal fue la baja autoeficacia, seguido por la intención. Ambos factores explican el 27.3% de la varianza de la frecuencia de consumo. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender los factores cognitivos involucrados en el consumo de refrescos, y sugieren que la alta frecuencia de consumo es una conducta no racional, por lo que podrían estar implicados aspectos afectivos y motivacionales, lo que deberá ser dilucidado con más investigación que permita explorar nuevas alternativas para el desarrollo de programas de prevención y tratamiento del consumo de bebidas con riesgo para la salud humana.Fil: Campos-Ramírez, Cesar. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; MéxicoFil: Palacios, Jorge. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; MéxicoFil: Anaya-Loyola, Miriam Aracely. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; MéxicoFil: Ramirez Amaya, Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; Argentin

Neuroasociaciones del consumo de bebidas endulzadas

Uno de los factores de riesgo de obesidad es el consumo de azúcar en las bebidas, particularmente en los refrescos.Se considera que su consumo se asocia con sobrepeso e incrementa el riesgo de presentar diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico. El objetivo de la presente investigación obtener las asociaciones neurocognoscitivas del consumo de refresco. Participaron 100 personas, 33% fueron hombres y 67% mujeres, de 17 a 68 (media de 29.75, DE= 12.19) años, de la Ciudad de México, el Estado de México y de Querétaro, México. Para obtener las asociaciones neurocognoscitivas del consumo de refresco se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. El 38% de la muestra reportó consumir refresco desabor, el 36% refresco de cola y el 12% algún refresco bajo en calorías. Los resultados muestran que se produjeron un total de 955 palabras definidoras que constituyen el tamaño total de la red. Las definidoras positivas fueron 'refrescante', 'sabor', 'dulce', 'quita sed' y 'río'. Las definidoras negativas para fueron azucarado, 'dañino', 'obesidad', 'diabetes' y 'costoso'. La red de palabras asociadas hacen referencia a 'fiesta' 'color', 'agua', 'dinero' y 'consumo'. Por último, las palabras neutras expresadas fueron 'automóvil', 'ibro', 'silla', 'perro' y 'mesa'. Cada una de las asociaciones del consumo de refresco se caracteriza por una combinación de diferentes pensamientos, sentimientos, situaciones y contextos presentes durante el consumo de este tipo de bebida endulzada. Contar con esta red de asociaciones permitirá por una parte desarrollar instrumentos psicométricos y tareas neuropsicológicas a partir de estímulos relevantes que evocan el consumo del refresco y por otra,reconocer la necesidad de implementar programas de intervención neurocognitiva para disminuir su consumo.Fil: Palacios Delgado, Jorge Raúl. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; MéxicoFil: Ramirez Amaya, Victor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Montiel, Hebert Luis. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; MéxicoFil: Anaya Loyola, Miriam Aracely. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; Méxic

Soft Drink Consumption in Young Mexican Adults Is Associated with Higher Total Body Fat Percentage in Men but Not in Women

A high consumption of soft drinks (SDs) has been linked with the development of anthropometric and metabolic alterations. We evaluate the association between SD consumption and some anthropometric and metabolic variables. This study is an observational study, using a sample of 394 university students, of which 158 were men (40.1%) and 238 women (59.9%), between 18 and 30 years. An SD intake questionnaire provided the consumption of different SDs. The participants’ weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were collected. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed. The average intake of caloric SDs (CSDs) was 1193.6 ± 1534.8 mL/week and 84.5 ± 115.02 mL/week for non-caloric SDs (NCSDs). Sex differences were found in the amount of SD consumption and these statistical differences were driven by those men subjects with a high total body fat percentage (TBF%). In men, correlations were found between the intake of CSDs and the body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, TBF%, and visceral fat percentage. In woman, a correlation was found with glucose and triglycerides. The prediction model revealed that the intake of CSDs predicts TBF% and low-density lipoprotein only in men. A high amount of CSD consumption in men was associated with a high TBF%, and this may be predictive of future development of metabolic abnormalities

Beverage Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intake Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Mexican Young Adults

Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been related to metabolic diseases. Our objective was to identify beverage consumption patterns, nutrient intake, and their possible association with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Mexican young adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Beverage consumption patterns were obtained by principal components analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between the beverage patterns and cardiovascular risk factors. Four beverage patterns were identified. Higher consumption of alcoholic beverages was associated with lower odds for high body fat percent (OR: 0.371; 95% CI: 0.173–0.798), high blood pressure (OR: 0.318; 95% CI: 0.116–0.871), and high glucose (OR: 0.232; 95% CI: 0.061–0.875). Higher consumption of yogurt was associated with lower odds for high glucose (OR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.22–0.559). In contrast, highest consumption of juice had greater odds for high triglycerides (OR: 1.084; 95% CI: 1.011–4.656). Higher consumption of milk was associated with greater odds for high glucose (OR: 5.304; 95% CI: 1.292–21.773). Beverage consumption habits in Mexican young adults are associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, intervening during young adulthood should be considered in order to improve current health and prevent cardiovascular mortality in later decades

Identification and Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the FTO Gene with Indicators of Overweight and Obesity in a Young Mexican Population

(1) Background: obesity is a global public health problem; various factors have been associated with this disease, and genetic factors play a very important role. Previous studies in multiple populations have associated a gene with fat mass and obesity (FTO). Thus, the present work aims to identify and determine associations between genetic variants of FTO with indicators of overweight and obesity in the Mexican population. (2) Methods: a total of 638 subjects were evaluated to compile data on body mass index (BMI), the percentage of body fat (%BF), the waist circumference (WC), the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), and food consumption. A total of 175 genetic variants in the FTO gene were sampled by a microarray in the evaluated population, followed by association statistical analyses and comparisons of means. (3) Results: a total of 34 genetic variants were associated with any of the 6 indicators of overweight and obesity, but only 15 showed mean differences using the recessive model after the Bonferroni correction. The present study shows a wide evaluation of FTO genetic variants associated with a classic indicator of overweight and obesity, which highlights the importance of genetic analyses in the study of obesity