ОДИН ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ РАЗМЕРА И ЁМКОСТИ РЫНКА

The aim of the article is to study the economic and statistical essence and development of methods of calculation of the market’s size and capacity. Described further material is focused on experts on statistics of the market of goods and services, as well as marketers. Evaluation of size and capacity market is an extremely demanded in practice. However, a review of publications, scientific direction of research is the size and capacity of the market is not yet complete. Researchers are working to develop new approaches to the assessment of the market and to develop relevant procedures. Problems arise distinction between the notions of demand and market capacity. Theoretical basis of the research are the provisions of the economic theory, statistics of the market of goods and services, and marketing.Целью статьи является исследование экономико-статистической сущности и разработка методики расчета размера и ёмкости рынка. Изложенный далее материал ориентирован на специалистов по статистике рынка товаров и услуг, а также на маркетологов. Оценивание размера и ёмкости рынка чрезвычайно востребовано на практике. Однако, как показывает обзор публикаций, научное направление исследования размера и ёмкости рынка еще не является завершенным. Исследователями ведется работа по разработке новых подходов к оценке рынка и по созданию соответствующих методик. Возникают проблемы разграничения понятий спроса и ёмкости рынка. Теоретическую базу исследования составляют положения экономической теории, статистики рынка товаров и услуг, маркетинга

НУЖДА, ЖЕЛАНИЕ, ПОТРЕБНОСТЬ КАК ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЫНОЧНОГО СПРОСА

In this article attention is focused on the consideration of consumer needs, desires and requirements as successive stages of formation of individual market demand. A logical sequence of definitions formed, when the subsequent category is determined through the previous category and serves as a basis for determining subsequent categories.В настоящей статье внимание сосредоточено на рассмотрении потребительских нужд, желаний и потребностей как последовательных этапов формирования индивидуального рыночного спроса. Сформирована логическая последовательность определений, когда последующая категория определяется через предыдущую категорию и служит основой для определения последующей категории

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО РЫНОЧНОГО СПРОСА: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И ОБОБЩЕНИЕ ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ

The article focuses on the modeling of series-STI formation of individual market demand. The analysis, and then sum-of three well-known inmarketing models, which exhaust the currentlyknown approaches is revised. The article shows that all three models have a signifi cant difference in the number of stages and terminology. The obtained results are the basis for the developmentof the author’s model of gradual development of demand - «need - desire - requirement -demand» or abbreviated as «model NDRD» and can be considered as a contribution to the methodology of study a demand.В настоящей статье внимание сосредоточено на моделировании последовательности формирования индивидуального рыночного спроса. Проведены анализ, и затем обобщение трех широко известных в маркетинге моделей, которые исчерпывают известные на настоящий момент подходы. В статье показано, что все три модели имеют существенное различие в числе стадий и в терминологии. Полученные результаты являются основой для разработки авторской модели поэтапногоформированияспроса- «нужда - желание - потребность - спрос» или сокращенно - модели «НЖПС» и могут рассматриваться как вклад в методологию изучения спроса

О СОДЕРЖАНИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ И ИЗМЕРЕНИИ РЫНОЧНОГО СПРОСА

The aim of the article is to study the economic and statistical categories and levels of consumer demand. There is no uniformity in the interpretation of the content of an economic category and demand level in the literature on the economic theory and applied research of the market. We want to conduct the verification of the demand category, a consolidation of the wording of measuring the level of demand, the classification of demand. Theoretical basis of the conducted research is the methodology of the economic theory and the general theory of statistics.Целью статьи является исследование экономико-статистической сущности категории и уровня потребительского спроса. В литературе по экономической теории и прикладным исследованиям рынка отсутствует единообразие в трактовке содержания экономической категории и уровня спроса. Требуется провести уточнение категории спроса, обобщение формулировок в части измерения уровня спроса, классификацию спроса. Теоретическую базу проведенного исследования составляет методология экономической теории и общей теории статистики

Родовой туризм: социально-демографический и статистический аспекты

The purpose of the study is to research birth tourism issue. The article gives the socio-demographic and statistical aspects of research problems of birth inbound tourism in the Russian Federation. Following the literature analysis, the degree of study for birth tourism lags behind its actual size. Currently, the media has accumulated a significant amount of information on birth tourism in Russia, that requires processing, systematization and understanding that can and should become an independent area of study of sociologists and demographers to develop recommendations for the management of socio-demographic processes in birth tourism in our country. It is necessary to identify the problems that will inevitably arise. At present, this process is almost not regulated.These problems are complex, it requires the joint efforts of sociologists and demographers. However, it is impossible to obtain reliable results and to develop management decisions without attention to the statistical aspect of this problem. It is necessary to create methodological support for collecting and information processing and model development of the birth tourism. At the initial stage it is necessary to identify the direction and objectives of the analysis to determine the factors in the development of this process, to develop a hierarchical system of statistical indicators, to receive the information, needed for calculating of specific indicators.The complex research of the birth tourism issues should be based on the methodology of sociology, demography and statistics, including statistical observation, interviews with residents, structure analysis and birth tourism concentration in the country, the analysis of the dynamics, classification of factors and reasons, the grouping of regions for the development of the studied processes and, of course, the development of economic-statistical indicators.The article reveals the problem of the significant influence of the uncontrolled spread of birth tourism on the socio-economic sphere of many countries, where there is a directed flow of women from abroad. The task is to explore the status and development of birth tourism to make sciencebased decisions for managing of this process. Birth tourism concept is defined. Birth tourism motives and social tension reasons are indicated in the countries for the temporary stay of women. Key indicators and system of indicators for the economic and statistical analysis of the birth inbound tourism are proposed.The article shows: analysis of birth tourism prevalence in the world and in Russia, the motives and birth tourism issues, the characteristic of the birth tourism as an object of study, the content of the indicators’system and its key indicators.Цель исследования состоит в постановке задачи исследования родового туризма. Дана общая характеристика социально-демографического и статистического аспектов исследования проблемы въездного родового туризма в российскую федерацию. Как показывает анализ литературы, степень изученности родового туризма значительно отстает от его реальных размеров. В настоящее время в СМИ накоплен значительный объем информации по родовому туризму в России, что требует его обработки, систематизации и осмысления, что может и должно стать самостоятельным направлением исследования социологов и демографов с целью выработки рекомендаций по управлению социально-демографическими процессами в части родового туризма у нас в стране. Необходимо выявить проблемы, которые неизбежно возникнут. В настоящее время этот процесс почти никак не регулируется.Данные проблемы имеют комплексный характер, поэтому их решение требуют объединения усилий социологов и демографов. Однако, получение достоверных результатов и выработка управленческих решений невозможна без внимания к статистическому аспекту решения данной проблемы. Требуется создание методического обеспечения, как по сбору, так и по обработке информации, по разработке моделей состояния и развития родового туризма. На начальном этапе требуется выявить направления и задачи анализа, определить факторы развития данного процесса, разработать иерархическую систему статистических показателей, определиться с информацией, необходимой для расчета конкретных показателей.Методика комплексного исследования проблем родового туризма должна основываться на методологии социологии, демографии и статистики, включая статистическое наблюдение, анкетирование резидентов относительно их отношения к изучаемой проблеме, анализ структуры и концентрации родового туризма в стране, анализ динамики, классификацию факторов и причин, группировку регионов по развитию изучаемых процессов и, конечно, разработку экономико-статистических показателей.В статье выявлена проблема существенного влияния бесконтрольного распространения родового туризма на социально-экономическую сферу многих стран, в которые направлен поток женщин из-за рубежа. Поставлена задача необходимости изучения состояния и развития родового туризма с целью принятия научно-обоснованных решений по управлению этим процессом. Конкретизировано понятие родового туризма. Перечислены мотивы родового туризма и причины социальной напряженности в странах временного пребывания женщин. Предложены основные индикаторы и блоки системы показателей для экономико-статистического анализа въездного родового туризма. В статье проведен анализ распространенности родового туризма в мире и в России, выявлены мотивы и проблемы родового туризма, дана характеристика родового туризма как объекта исследования, разработано содержание системы показателей и ее основных индикаторов

Theory of weak continuous measurements in a strongly driven quantum bit

Continuous spectroscopic measurements of a strongly driven superconducting qubit by means of a high-quality tank circuit (a linear detector) are under study. Output functions of the detector, namely, a spectrum of voltage fluctuations and an impedance, are expressed in terms of the qubit spectrum and magnetic susceptibility. The nonequilibrium spectrum of the current fluctuations in the qubit loop and the linear response function of the driven qubit coupled to a heat bath are calculated with Bloch-Redfield and rotating wave approximations. Backaction effects of the qubit on the tank and the tank on the qubit are analyzed quantitatively. We show that the voltage spectrum of the tank provides detailed information about a frequency and a decay rate of Rabi oscillations in the qubit. It is found that both an efficiency of spectroscopic measurement and measurement-induced decoherence of the qubit demonstrate a resonant behaviour as the Rabi frequency approaches the resonant frequency of the tank. We determine conditions when the spectroscopic observation of the Rabi oscillations in the flux qubit with the tank circuit can be considered as a weak continuous quantum measurement.Comment: 28 page

The coding and non-coding transcriptional landscape of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, key regulators of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. In the CNS, TSC is characterized by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). SEGAs may lead to impaired circulation of CSF resulting in hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure in patients with TSC. Currently, surgical resection and mTORC1 inhibitors are the recommended treatment options for patients with SEGA. In the present study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (SEGAs n = 19, periventricular control n = 8) was used in combination with computational approaches to unravel the complexity of SEGA development. We identified 9400 mRNAs and 94 microRNAs differentially expressed in SEGAs compared to control tissue. The SEGA transcriptome profile was enriched for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a major regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Analysis at the protein level confirmed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in SEGAs. Subsequently, the inhibition of ERK independently of mTORC1 blockade decreased efficiently the proliferation of primary patient-derived SEGA cultures. Furthermore, we found that LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 were overexpressed at both gene and protein levels in SEGA compared to control tissue. Taken together LAMTOR1-5 can form a complex, known as the 'Ragulator' complex, which is known to activate both mTORC1 and MAPK/ERK pathways. Overall, this study shows that the MAPK/ERK pathway could be used as a target for treatment independent of, or in combination with mTORC1 inhibitors for TSC patients. Moreover, our study provides initial evidence of a possible link between the constitutive activated mTORC1 pathway and a secondary driver pathway of tumour growth

ONE APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE SIZE AND CAPACITY OF THE MARKET

The aim of the article is to study the economic and statistical essence and development of methods of calculation of the market’s size and capacity. Described further material is focused on experts on statistics of the market of goods and services, as well as marketers. Evaluation of size and capacity market is an extremely demanded in practice. However, a review of publications, scientific direction of research is the size and capacity of the market is not yet complete. Researchers are working to develop new approaches to the assessment of the market and to develop relevant procedures. Problems arise distinction between the notions of demand and market capacity. Theoretical basis of the research are the provisions of the economic theory, statistics of the market of goods and services, and marketing

THE CONTENT OF AN ECONOMIC CATEGORY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF THE MARKET DEMAND

The aim of the article is to study the economic and statistical categories and levels of consumer demand. There is no uniformity in the interpretation of the content of an economic category and demand level in the literature on the economic theory and applied research of the market. We want to conduct the verification of the demand category, a consolidation of the wording of measuring the level of demand, the classification of demand. Theoretical basis of the conducted research is the methodology of the economic theory and the general theory of statistics

Theoretical prerequisites for improving the body low loader granular fertilizer spreader

It is known that the use of granular forms of fertilizers is a universal solution for plant growing enterprises using organic, mineral, organomineral fertilizers in their activities. For crop farming enterprises, the application of granular fertilizers is the most convenient way to enrich the soil with nutrients. For the surface main application and top dressing, spreaders of different designs are used, distributing fertilizers in a continuous layer with different indicators of uniformity. At present, the development of machines of various designs is underway to operate applying solid fertilizers. The main tasks of research by various authors in the field of mechanization of the distribution of fertilizers over the surface of the field are to reduce the uneven distribution of fertilizers across the width, increase the sowing width, as well as reduce the changeover time for the fertilization operation. The article presents studies related to the improvement of the design of the working bodies of the machine for applying granular fertilizers, installed on the horizontal axis of rotation. To achieve the goal of increasing the working width of the unit without reducing the quality of the sifting, an option was proposed to supplement the design of a low-frame body spreader for solid fertilizers