Supplemental Primary Tooth: A Review & Report Of A Rare Occurrence

Supernumerary teeth, is defined as teeth that exceed the normal dental formula, regardless of their location and morphology and can be found in almost any region of the dental arch both in the primary and permanent dentition. A Supplemental Tooth is a type of supernumerary tooth that is so well formed that it mimics a fully formed tooth. It usually appears distal to a lateral incisor. Its detection requires the careful counting and identification of each tooth in the dental arch. Although many theories have been proposed, the cause is poorly understood. World-wide, few studies have measured the prevalence in the primary dentition, and statistics quoted in the dental literature are inconsistent.  While this discrepancy may be the result of a difference in detection, with primary teeth being more likely to be missing because of exfoliation or early extraction, it has also been postulated that disturbances in interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, which affect tooth development, are less likely to occur in primary teeth because of the more stable environment prior to birth.This Paper Attempts to review the Occurrence of Supplemental Tooth in the Primary Dentition & report a rare Case of a Supplemental Maxillary Canine

Performance Evaluation of Tergitol NP-7 and Triton X-114 for the Removal of Crystal Violet Using Cloud-point Extraction

In the present study, a cloud-point extraction process has been developed to remove crystal violet dye using two different non-ionic surfactants, Tergitol NP-7 and Triton X-114. For different concentrations of dye and surfactant, cloud-point temperatures were determined for Tergitol NP-7 and Triton X-114. The effectiveness of two different surfactants, Triton X-114 and Tergitol NP-7, for the removal of dye from synthetic solution was investigated. The effects of surfactant and dye concentrations, as well as operating temperature on phase volume ratio, preconcentration factor, distribution coefficient, and extraction efficiency were studied. The optimum dosage of surfactant can be 0.05 M for both surfactants for removing crystal violet. The results showed that 97 % of crystal violet can quantitatively be removed by cloud-point extraction at 0.05 M surfactant concentration in a single extraction. The performance of Tergitol NP-7 was found to be more effective than Triton X-114 for the removal of crystal violet using CPE

The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution

This work documents the first version of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully coupled physical model designed to address DOE mission-relevant water cycle questions. Its components include atmosphere and land (110-km grid spacing), ocean and sea ice (60 km in the midlatitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles), and river transport (55 km) models. This base configuration will also serve as a foundation for additional configurations exploring higher horizontal resolution as well as augmented capabilities in the form of biogeochemistry and cryosphere configurations. The performance of E3SMv1 is evaluated by means of a standard set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations consisting of a long preindustrial control, historical simulations (ensembles of fully coupled and prescribed SSTs) as well as idealized CO2 forcing simulations. The model performs well overall with biases typical of other CMIP-class models, although the simulated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is weaker than many CMIP-class models. While the E3SMv1 historical ensemble captures the bulk of the observed warming between preindustrial (1850) and present day, the trajectory of the warming diverges from observations in the second half of the twentieth century with a period of delayed warming followed by an excessive warming trend. Using a two-layer energy balance model, we attribute this divergence to the model’s strong aerosol-related effective radiative forcing (ERFari+aci = -1.65 W/m2) and high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS = 5.3 K).Plain Language SummaryThe U.S. Department of Energy funded the development of a new state-of-the-art Earth system model for research and applications relevant to its mission. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) consists of five interacting components for the global atmosphere, land surface, ocean, sea ice, and rivers. Three of these components (ocean, sea ice, and river) are new and have not been coupled into an Earth system model previously. The atmosphere and land surface components were created by extending existing components part of the Community Earth System Model, Version 1. E3SMv1’s capabilities are demonstrated by performing a set of standardized simulation experiments described by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima protocol at standard horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 1° latitude and longitude. The model reproduces global and regional climate features well compared to observations. Simulated warming between 1850 and 2015 matches observations, but the model is too cold by about 0.5 °C between 1960 and 1990 and later warms at a rate greater than observed. A thermodynamic analysis of the model’s response to greenhouse gas and aerosol radiative affects may explain the reasons for the discrepancy.Key PointsThis work documents E3SMv1, the first version of the U.S. DOE Energy Exascale Earth System ModelThe performance of E3SMv1 is documented with a set of standard CMIP6 DECK and historical simulations comprising nearly 3,000 yearsE3SMv1 has a high equilibrium climate sensitivity (5.3 K) and strong aerosol-related effective radiative forcing (-1.65 W/m2)Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151288/1/jame20860_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151288/2/jame20860.pd

Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution for Organic Compounds Dissolved in 1-Alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids Having Six-, Eight-, and Ten-Carbon Alkyl Chains

International audienceActivity coefficients at infinite dilution (gamma(proportional to)(1,2)) for 40 diverse probe solutes, including various (cyclo)alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, ethers, nitroalkanes, and ketones, were measured by inverse gas chromatography at temperatures from 323 to 343 K in three homologous 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids (ILs), bearing hexyl, octyl, and decyl side chains. The retention data were further converted to gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficients using the corresponding gas-to-water partition coefficients. Both sets of partition coefficients were analyzed using the modified Abraham solvation parameter model, with the derived equations tightly correlating the experimental gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficient data to within average standard deviations of 0.088 and 0.111 log units, respectively

An In Vivo Comparison of the Effect of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Salivary Flow Rate and pH in Children at High Risk and Low Risk for Dental Caries

Aim The purpose of the study was to compare the changes in salivary pH and salivary flow rate after chewing xylitol-containing chewing gum in children at high risk and low risk for dental caries.Method Forty school children aged 9 to 12 years were selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups - Group A 20 children at high caries risk for dental caries and Group B 20 children at low risk for dental caries. Initially baseline saliva samples were collected for both the groups and subjected to salivary pH and flow rate assessment. Following this the children were instructed to chew xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gum for 10 minutes. Salivary pH assessment was done at different time intervals like 0 15 30 45 and 60 minutes. The salivary flow rates were measured once the froth settled.Results Data was analyzed statistically using repeated-measures ANOVA. After chewing sugar-free gum salivary flow rate showed no significant difference pgt0.05 between Group A and Group B whereas salivary pH showed a statistically significant difference plt0.001 between the two groups at different time intervals.Conclusion Xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gum showed an elevated salivary pH in children at high risk for dental caries when compared to the low-risk group while it showed an equal effect on salivary flow rate in both the groups. Xylitol-containing chewing gums were more effective in children at high risk for dental caries than the low-risk group.</jats:p

Mandibular Mesiodens with Agenesis of Central Incisors (Hypohyperdontia): A Case Report &Review

Supernumerary teeth are defined as those in excess when compared to the normal series. Supernumerary teeth can occur as single, multiples, unilaterally, or bilaterally and in maxilla or mandible or both. The incidence of mandibular mesiodens with agenesis of central incisors is extremely rare. This paper attempts report &amp; review the occurrence of such a rare combination. A 9 year old girl reported to Department of Pediatric &amp; Preventive Dentistry, DAPMRVDC, Bangalore, India, for a routine dental check up. Clinical Examination revealed the presence of a conical tooth in relation to retained Primary central incisor (71, 81) &amp; erupting permanent lateral incisors. Radiographic examination confirmed the presence of a Mesiodens &amp; the agenesis of both permanent mandibular central incisors. Extraction of the mesiodens was carried out followed by orthodontic management

Assessment of the effect of probiotic curd consumption on salivary pH and streptococcus mutans counts

Background: Antimicrobial methods of controlling dental caries that include probiotic agents can play a valuable role in establishing caries control in children at moderate to high risk for developing dental caries. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of use of various Probiotic products including curd. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of short‑term consumption of probiotic curd containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and normal curd on salivary Streptococcus Mutans counts, as well as salivary pH. Materials and Methods: Forty, caries‑free, 10‑12 years old children were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. Test Group consisted of 20 children who consumed 200ml of probiotic curd daily for 30 days. Control Group consisted of 20 children who were given 200ml of regular curd for 30 days. Salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus Mutans counts were recorded at baseline and after 30 days and statistically compared using the Student’s t‑test. Results: Consumption of probiotic curd resulted in a statistically significant reduction in S. Mutans colony counts (P0.05) in both the groups. Conclusion: Short‑term consumption of probiotic curds can reduce oral S. Mutans counts. However, this caused a slight reduction in salivary pH.Keywords: Dental caries, probiotic, curd, salivary pH, streptococcus mutansNigerian Medical Journal | Vol. 53 | Issue 3 | July-September | 201