Pattern of adverse drug reactions reporting in two medical colleges of Tripura, India: a cross sectional study

Background: India as an important clinical trial hub in the world. In clinical trials, many of the drug issues related to the safety are inadequately studied in highly selected and limited number of patients. Due to introduction of many new drugs in the country, it has become essential to have an effective Pharmacovigilance system nationwide. Under reporting of ADRs is widespread and a daunting challenge in Pharmacovigilance programme of India (PvPI).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for two months with the objective to study the pattern of ADRs reporting in two teaching hospitals of Tripura. The data were collected in “Suspected ADR reporting forms” of Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC). Suspected ADRs were assessed for causality using Naranjo ADR probability scale.Results: 44 ADR reporting forms were received with 58 ADRS. Among them, Gastrointestinal System ADRs were the highest (25.86%). More ADRs were seen in males than females (52.27% vs 47.72%). 68.18% cases had the medication through oral route. Out of all ADRs, 67.24% were Type A reactions. Most of the reactions reported, were mild (90.9%) based on modified Hartwig severity scale. Most of the ADRs reported were of probable causality (score 5-9) measured by Naranjo’s Algorithm.Conclusions: This study would definitely give an insight into the pattern of ADRs in tertiary health care centers and may help to increase awareness of health care provider for further Pharmacovigilance studies

Association of atherogenic cardiac index and markers of oxidative stress in non-diabetic dyslipidemia stroke patients in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function. Antioxidants are exogenous or endogenous compounds acting by scavenging reactive oxygen species or their precursors, inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and binding metal ions needed for the catalysis of its generation. Atherogenic index, a predictor of atherosclerosis, increases in dyslipidemia also shows a positive association with oxidative stress. Aims and Objectives: Our objective was to compare the lipid profile, the markers of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde and paraoxonase [PON]), and atherogenic index in non-diabetic stroke patients with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the lipid parameters with markers of lipid peroxidation and atherogenic index in those patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred diagnosed stroke patients from the Neurology department were compared with 100 age-matched healthy controls. Estimation of lipid profile parameters was done by AutoAnalyzer using standardized kits. Estimation of serum malonaldehyde was done based on the principle of utilization of Thiobarbituric acid. Serum PON1 activity was estimated using paranitrophenyl acetate substrate. Results: Among the lipid profile parameters, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower (P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher among stroke patients. Serum malonaldehyde level was significantly increased and PON1 activity was significantly decreased in stroke patients in comparison to healthy individuals. A significant positive correlation between HDL and PON1 and a negative correlation between LDL and PON1 were found. Atherogenic index is negatively correlated with PON1. Conclusion: Low level of PON1 activity and an increased level of malonaldehyde were found in stroke patients indicating an imbalance between free radical generation and its scavenging action and also associated with more chance of atherosclerosis

Forensic odontology: An analysis of challenges met by the Indian odontologist

The idea of ​​using dental evidence in forensic investigations has aroused so much interest in the past that forensic odontology has even been suggested as one way to identify specific criminal cases. Forensic odontology plays an important role in situations where routine diagnostic procedures, such as finger printing and visual acuity, can be performed, in cases of decomposed, burnt or skeletal bodies. The lack of proper dental record and lack of the current practice of maintaining dental record, insufficient training in the field of dentistry for oral pathologist, lack of standard techniques, and lack of antemortem data are some serious problems faced in this field. This review articles deals with providing some solutions to the problems and assess the awareness regarding the dental record maintenance among dentists&nbsp;and create a national database for odontology

Machine learning and internet of things in industry 4.0: A review

Machine learning (ML), sensors networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) are the most important contributor in the newest revolution in the industry. It is going towards a fully automated industrial environment where all the components including post production, pre production, supply chain and quality control would be automatically managed. Human will work more with brain, where all the physical efforts would be replaced by ML enabled intelligent robots that will perform all the tasks, where sensor networks will collect live information from the environment. All the decision would be taken on the fly from the previous records. In this work, we have tried to shed some light on the current involvement of ML and IoT in industry 4.0 environment. 28 articles were reviewed in this work which were selected through a selection process and were published between 2017 and 2022. Different tools, protocols, algorithms and the latest technologies used in the industry 4.0 environment have been analytically discussed in this work. Research gaps were tried to found out and some recommendations were provided which can be a pathway to research advancement related to industry 4.0