The link between the genetic polymorphisms of the innate immune signaling molecular factors with periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing destruction of supporting tissues of teeth. Even though the gramnegative anaerobes are essential for the initiation of periodontal destruction, multiple risk factors are essential for the progression of the disease. The genetic risk factor plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. The innate immune mechanism is the first line of defense in screening and combating the invading periodontal pathogens. The genetic polymorphisms in the 3’UTR region of the innate immune signaling molecular factors like toll-like receptors, nod-like receptors and the polymorphisms in the epigenetic regulators of these factors like microRNA146a, apolipoproteinE might play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal destruction

Appraisal of the Marine Fisheries of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry

Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry contiguous to it, since share a commonness both in fishing tradition and in fishery resources, are treated together in this report, though Tamil Nadu by itself is easily comparable with any other maritime state in the vastness of inshore resource as well as in the involvement of fishing activities. The states are endowed with rich resource potential capable of being developed. The combined coastline is about a thousand kilometers studded with many a fishlanding centres of intense activities. Tamil Nadu, descending to the tip of the peninsular India, has the unique advantage of facing three major seas, the Arabian sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, and having the benefit at its disposal of both the monsoons, the South West and the North East

Geometric phases for generalized squeezed coherent states

A simple technique is used to obtain a general formula for the Berry phase (and the corresponding Hannay angle) for an arbitrary Hamiltonian with an equally-spaced spectrum and appropriate ladder operators connecting the eigenstates. The formalism is first applied to a general deformation of the oscillator involving both squeezing and displacement. Earlier results are shown to emerge as special cases. The analysis is then extended to multiphoton squeezed coherent states and the corresponding anholonomies deduced.Comment: 15 page

Canonical Wnt pathway gene expression and their clinical correlation in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic significance and clinicopathological correlations of the Wnt pathway genes in a cohort of surgically treated patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Settings and Design: A prospective genetic study on patients with OSCC was carried out during the period from July 2014 to January 2016. Informed consent from patients and institutional ethical approval for the study was obtained and the guidelines were strictly followed for collection of samples. Subjects and Methods: Clinical data and mRNA expression analysis of ten genes in the canonical Wnt pathway were evaluated and their relationships with clinical and demographic variables were studied in 58 tissue samples. Wnt-3a, β-catenin, secreted frizzled-related proteins sFRP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-4, sFRP-5, Wnt inhibitory factor 1, dickkopf-1, c-MYC, and cyclin-D1 from cancer (n = 29) and normal (n = 29) tissue samples were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample characteristics and clinical variables. If the data were normal, then parametric tests were used; otherwise, nonparametric alternatives were used. All the analyses were carried out using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., USA). Results: Expression of sFRP-1, sFRP-2, and sFRP-5 in control samples and expression of c-MYC and cyclin D1 in cancer samples showed statistical significance. Significant expression of Wnt3A was observed among patients who had recurrence and were deceased. Conclusion: Wnt3A, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 are recognized as key components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, in this study, there was no significant expression of all the three genes in OSCC. The proto-oncogene c-MYC showed statistically significant upregulation in cancer tissue samples suggesting that the OSCC among South Indian population is primarily not mediated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish

IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL SNPs OF MDR1 GENE AMONG NEPHROTIC SYNDROME CHILDREN IN SOUTH INDIA

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of C3435T and G2677T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms of multi drug resistancegene -1 (MDR1) in nephrotic syndrome (NS) children in relation to healthy subjects. The role and association of these SNPs were also determined,whether response and/or resistance to steroid treatment in children with NS in south India.Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 371 blood samples collected from children with NS and controls. Among 173 cases, categorized intosteroid-resistant NS (SRNS) were 90 and steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) were 83 and 198 blood samples were included as controls. All samples weresubjected to DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for identification of C3435T andG2677T/C genomic variations.Results: The frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T, CT, TT, and CC genotypes and SNP G2677T/C GG and G allele genotypes were observed in this study group.In SRNS, children showed significantly higher frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T, CT, TT, and TT+CC genotypes were observed than SRNS and controls.The allele frequencies of SRNS children showed CC - 4%, CT - 32% and TT - 12% and in SSNS children, CC - 10.98%, CT - 27.2% and TT - 13.9% wereobserved. Furthermore, increased frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T CT, TT, TT+CC genotypes, or T allele were observed in children aged <9 years old.There were no different genotype and allele frequency observed in G2677T/C genotypes NS children and controls.Conclusion: Based on these data, we are suggesting that MDR-1 C3435T gene polymorphisms are risk factors of increased susceptibility, earlieronset of NS as well as leads to steroid resistance. Whereas SNP G2677T/C gene polymorphisms do not have significant role observed in this studypopulation.Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, Multidrug resistance gene-1,Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism