A suggestion for estimating the breeding values of cows in a.i. populations

International audienc

Genetic inferences from the frequency distribution of return intervals in dairy cows

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Continuous progeny testing, use and selection of proven bulls in Israel

The breeding policy of the Israeli Holstein-type dairy cattle is reviewed. The bulls are progeny tested on their daughters’ first three lactations. The traits evaluated are the following: milk, fat, yield persistency, fertility, incidence of mastitis, and % cullings for three most important reasons. The test analysis takes into account the genetic level of daughters’ contemporaries and maternal grandsires. The paper describes a general outline of the selection decisions in AI bulls. Considerable amount of imported semen is used for breeding young bulls. Breeding goals are discussed against the estimated genetic parameters for and between the given traits

Genetic components affecting the interval between consecutive inseminations

International audienc

Species of Mycosphaerella and related anamorphs on Eucalyptus leaves from Thailand

Species of Mycosphaerella and their related anamorphs represent potentially serious foliar pathogens of Eucalyptus. The fungi treated in the present study were isolated from symptomatic Eucalyptus leaves collected in Thailand during June–October 2007. Species were initially identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Identifications were confirmed using comparisons of DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, ITS2) and the 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions. To help distinguish species of Pseudocercospora, the dataset was expanded by generating partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α and actin genes. By integrating the morphological and molecular datasets, five new taxa were distinguished, namely Mycosphaerella irregulari, M. pseudomarksii, M. quasiparkii, Penidiella eucalypti and Pseudocercospora chiangmaiensis, while M. vietnamensis represents a new record for Thailand

Enhancing the Stretchability of Two-Dimensional Materials through Kirigami: A Molecular Dynamics Study on Tungsten Disulfide

In recent years, the 'kirigami' technique has gained significant attention for creating meta-structures and meta-materials with exceptional characteristics, such as unprecedented stretchability. These properties, not typically inherent in the original materials or structures, present new opportunities for applications in stretchable electronics and photovoltaics. However, despite its scientific and practical significance, the application of kirigami patterning on a monolayer of tungsten disulfide (WS2), a van der Waals material with exceptional mechanical, electronic, and optical properties, has remained unexplored. This study utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the mechanical properties of monolayer WS2 with rectangular kirigami cuts. We find that, under tensile loading, the WS2 based kirigami structure exhibits a notable increase in tensile strain and a decrease in strength, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the kirigami cutting technique in enhancing the stretchability of monolayer WS2. Additionally, increasing the overlap ratio enhances the stretchability of the structure, allowing for tailored high strength or high strain requirements. Furthermore, our observations reveal that increasing the density of cuts and reducing the length-to-width ratio of the kirigami nanosheet further improve the fracture strain, thereby enhancing the overall stretchability of the proposed kirigami patterned structure of WS2.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Assessment of the inhalation technique and adherence to therapy and their effect on disease control in outpatients with asthma

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess correct use of inhaler devices, adherence to inhaler corticosteroid treatment and their effects on asthma control. Methods This study was a prospective, single-centre, observational study conducted between July and February 2016 at Al-Makased Hospital, respiratory outpatient clinic. Inhaler technique of asthma patients using pressurized metered-dose inhalers or dry powder inhalers (Turbuhaler (TH) and Accuhaler DiskusTM (ACC)) were assessed against published inhaler technique checklists. Asthma control variables measured using Asthma Control Test (maximum 25, higher score corresponding to better asthma control) were assessed, and adherence to asthma medications was assessed by Morisky adherence scale. Key findings Two hundred and twenty patients were recruited in the study. The mean age was 42.3 15.2 years and 59.1% were male. One hundred and seventeen (53.2%) were using TH, 60 (27.3%) were using ACC and 43(19.5%) were using MDIs. Only 22 (10%) were smoker and only 48 (21.8%) patients were their asthma controlled (ACT score >20). The devices were used correctly by 79.1% of patients using MDI, 69% of ACC and 55.6% of TH users (P > 0.001). The most common improper step was ‘forceful inhalation’ (65.4%) made by the MDI users, ‘Not exhaling to residual volume’ (58.7%) made by ACC users and ‘Not inhaling deeply enough’ (52.2%) made by TH users. Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of having controlled asthma was significantly higher in those with correct inhaler techniques (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.08–4.77; P = 0.028), high adherence to medications (OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.05–4.92; P = 0.03) and having a higher level of education (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.19–3.63; P = 0.018). Conclusions It was found that asthma control was better among correct users. Repetitive training about using devices may contribute improving inhaler technique.This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors

Pharmaceutical care for adult asthma patients: A controlled intervention one‐year follow‐up study

Asthma is a clinical problem with social, psychological and economic burdens. To improve patient disease management, different education programmes have been developed. Challenges in asthma management may be partially attributed to nonadherence or improper use of inhalers. This study aimed to implement and assess hospital‐based pharmaceutical care services for asthmatic patients. A 12‐month, single‐ centre, randomized, controlled study was initiated in asthmatic adult patients who had been divided into either a control or intervention group. Patients in the control group received the usual care, and patients in the intervention group received patient counselling per study protocol that covered asthma knowledge, control, adherence to treatment and inhalation techniques. The main variables compared measurements at baseline with those at 6 and 12 months. A total of 192 patients completed the study protocol: 90 in the control group and 102 in the intervention group. The control group included 90 patients, and the intervention group included 102 patients. Over the course of the 12‐month follow‐up period, a significant difference was observed between intervention and control groups with respect to asthma control (38.2% vs 10.0%; P < .001), mean correct inhalation technique (confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 7.8‐8.5 vs CI: 6.1; 5.6‐6.6; P = .01) and good medication adherence (60.7% vs 50.0%, P = .02). There were 34% and 25% decreases in emergency room visits and hospital admissions, respectively, in the intervention group compared to the control group. This study emphasizes the importance of patient counselling in asthma management and the significant contribution that the pharmacist's intervention can have on asthma control

Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Herbal Remedies In West Bank, Palestine

Background: There is an increasing trend towards consumption of complementary and alternative herbal products in many parts of the world. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowled - ge and attitudes among pharmacists in West Bank, Palestine towards the use of herbs. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was designed as the study instrument and distributed among 350 qualified pharmacists working in government and private pharmacies in West Bank, Palestine. Results: The response rate was 82.9% (290/350). The mean age of the pharmacists was 32.9 (SD=6.5) years. The majority of the phar - macist 238 (82.1%) worked in the community pharmacies and their experience in practice ranged from 1 to 26 years. Product package instructions and product representative were the most consulted by the pharmacists (128; 44.2% and 73; 25.2% respectively). General health tonic preparations were the most widely dispensed drugs (142; 48.9%), followed by cough preparations (55; 19.0%) and slimming agents (64; 22.1%). The Majority of pharmacists (195; 67.2%) belie - ved herbal remedies were effective; however, about fifty percent of the pharmacists had concern about their safety. The knowledge of respondents about the indications of herbal medicine was good, but their awareness of interactions, contraindications and adverse effects was inadequate. The majority of Pharmacists (255; 87.9%) believed that herbal product should undergo increased regulation and (215; 74.9%) believed that information available about herbal and natural product isn't adequate