Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticals: A Biological Prospective for Analysis

Abstract. Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanoscale. It involves the production, manipulation and use of materials ranging in size from less than a micron to that of individual atoms from not only chemical approaches but also biological approaches. A wide range of nanophysics and nanostructures particles are being fabricated globally with the aim of developing clean, nontoxic and eco-friendly technologies. Use of ambient biological resources pathway such as microorganism and plant extract in this area of science is rapidly gaining importance owing to its growing success and simplicity. Currently, simple prokaryotes to complex eukaryotic organism's plants are used for the fabrication of MNPs and reaction solution was measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer showed a sharp plasmon peak at ~ 435 nm for silver, at ~ 330nm for lead, at ~ 410nm for cadmium and at ~ 523 for gold confirming the presence of metal nanoparticles. For deep analysis we are using different tools of characterization such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM), TEM, SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Further studies are required on precise and specific analysis of nanoparticles' production, including the nature and activity of diverse sizes of particles to optimize their production. This article presents a review of the ambient biological systems that may support and revolutionize the art of fabrication of metal nanoparticles from living material and the development of an updated knowledge base

Potential of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. to rescue cognitive decline associated with BACE1 protein of Alzheimer's disease on Drosophila model: An integrated molecular modeling and in vivo approach

The indispensable role of Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) in Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques generation and Aβ-mediated synaptic dysfunctions makes it a crucial target for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to find out the potential inhibitors of BACE1, the present study focused on five phytochemicals from Pueraria tuberosa, namely, daidzin, genistin, mangiferin, puerarin, and tuberosin. A molecular docking study showed that all five phytochemicals presented the strongest BACE1 inhibition. Integrated molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations demonstrated that all five natural compounds have stable and favorable energies causing strong binding with the pocket site of BACE1 on 50 ns. All these molecules also passed Lipinski's rule of five. To validate the molecular modeling based findings, we primarily targeted the cognitive decline associated with BACE1 expression in AD flies with P. tuberosa. Significant improvement in cognitive decline was observed in AD flies in different behavioral assays such as Larval crawling assay (16.38%), Larval light preference assay (26.39%), Climbing assay (32.97%), Cold sensitivity assay (43.6%), and Thermal sensitivity assay (44.42%). The present findings suggest that P. tuberosa may be considered as a promising dietary supplement that can significantly ameliorate cognitive decline caused by BACE1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). [Display omitted] •Phytochemicals of Pueraria tuberosa could inhibit BACE1.•Pueraria tuberosa alleviates cognitive decline in BACE1 modeled Drosophila flies.•Pueraria tuberosa could be used as nutraceutical to alleviate the cognitive decline in AD patients

Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement

Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies