Evaluation of antagonism, at the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ level, of combinations of Vip3A and Cry1 protoxins to <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae.

a<p>Each data point was obtained from three replicates of 16 larvae per replicate (n = 48).</p>b<p>Proportions of proteins were chosen approximately to match those of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107196#pone-0107196-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p>c<p>Slope ± standard error.</p>d<p>FL₉₅: 95% fiducial limits.</p>e<p>Expected mortality considering simple similar action.</p>f<p>AF: Antagonism factor, calculated as the ratio of the observed LC₅₀ over the expected LC₅₀. NS = not significant.</p><p>Evaluation of antagonism, at the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ level, of combinations of Vip3A and Cry1 protoxins to <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae.</p

Susceptibility of <i>D. saccharalis</i> and <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> neonate larvae to Vip3Aa and Cry1Ca protoxins and their 1: 2 combination.

a<p>Slope ± standard error.</p>b<p>Each data point was obtained from three replicates of 16 larvae per replicate (n = 48).</p>c<p>FL₉₅: 95% fiducial limits.</p>d<p>Expected mortality considering simple similar action.</p>e<p>AF: Antagonism factor.</p><p>Susceptibility of <i>D. saccharalis</i> and <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> neonate larvae to Vip3Aa and Cry1Ca protoxins and their 1: 2 combination.</p

Susceptibility of <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae to Cry1 and Vip3A protoxins.^a

a<p>Values represent the mean from three replicates of 16 larvae per replicate (n = 48).</p>b<p>Slope ± standard error.</p>c<p>Values are expressed as µg/cm² with 95% fiducial limits (at 5 days).</p><p>Susceptibility of <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae to Cry1 and Vip3A protoxins.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107196#nt101" target="_blank">a</a>}</p

SDS-PAGE of <i>Escherichia coli</i> lysates.

<p>MM, Molecular Mass Marker “Spectra TM Multicolor Broad Range Protein Ladder” (Fermentas); lane 1, Vip3A not induced with IPTG; lane 2, Vip3Aa; lane 3, Vip3Ae; lane 4, Vip3Af lane 5, Cry1Aa; lane 6, Cry1Ac; lane 7, Cry1Ca.</p

Susceptibility of <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae to combinations of Vip3A and Cry1 protoxins.

a<p>Concentrations of proteins were chosen such as to equal their respective LC₅₀ values. Values are expressed as µg/cm².</p>b<p>Each value represents the mean from three replicates of 16 larvae per replicate (n = 48).</p>c<p>Expected mortality considering simple independent action.</p>d<p>Asterisks indicate significant differences at P<0.05, and two asterisks at P<0.001.</p>e<p>Chi-square and P values.</p><p>Susceptibility of <i>H. virescens</i> neonate larvae to combinations of Vip3A and Cry1 protoxins.</p