Combining ability in some varieties of winter oil rape (brassica napus l.)

Five winter oil rape varieties (Falcon, Banaćanka, Sremica, Jet Neuf and Samuray) have been studied for general and specific combining abilities, mode of inheritance and gene effects for the number of leaves per plant and stem diameter. The varieties were examined in a diallel set of crosses excluding reciprocals. Falcon was the best general combiner for the number of leaves per plant, Banacanka for stem diameter. Samuray was the poorest general combiner for both traits. Dominance of the better parent and heterosis were expressed in the inheritance of the number of leaves per plant. Heterosis for stem diameter was registered in one cross. Genes with additive effect predominated in the inheritance of the number of leaves per plant, genes with dominant effect in the inheritance of stem diameter. The variety Falcon may be used as a component of synthetic varieties for improvement of the number of leaves per plant, the variety Jet Neuf for improvement of stem diameter

Ocena komponenata genetičke varijanse mase 1000 semena kod suncokreta -Helianthus annuus L.-

Ten F1 hybrids obtained by crossing five sunflower inbred lines were used to analyze the impact of genes with additive and dominant effects and their interactions on the inheritance of mass 1000 seeds. The linkage among the expected progeny means was tested using the scaling tests method (Mather, 1949), while the estimates of gene effects and mode of inheritance were made by generation mean analysis (Mather and Jinks, 1982). The additive-dominant model was not proved adequate for all crosses in both years of study. It was adequate in crosses C1, C2, C3 and C5 in the first year and in crosses C3, C8, C9 and C10 in the second year of study. Besides the main gene effects (additive and dominant), epistatic gene effects were also of large importance in the inheritance of this trait. Duplicate epistasis between dominant decreasers was found in C1, C4, C5, C6 and C8 in the first year and in crosses C4, C9 and C10 in the second year of study. Complementary epistasis between dominant decreasers was found in cross C10 in the first year and duplicate epistasis between dominant increasers in cross C5 in the second year of study.Kod deset F1 hibrida nastalih ukrštanjem između pet inbred linija suncokreta po dialelnoj šemi analiziranje uticaj gena sa aditivnim i dominantnim efektima kao i njihovih interakcija u nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena. Povezanost između očekivanih srednjih vrednosti potomstava proverena je primenom metode scaling testova (Mather, 1949), a procena genskih efekata i način nasleđivanja urađeni su po metodi Generation Mean Analysis (Mather and Jinks, 1982). Aditivno-dominantan model nije bio adekvatan kod svih ukrštanja u obe godine ispitivanja. Bio je adekvatan kod ukrštanja C1, C2, C3 i C5, u prvoj i kod ukrštanja C3, C8, C9 i C10 u drugoj godini ispitivanja. Pored glavnih genskih efekata, aditivan i dominantan, u nasleđivanju ovog svojstva veliki značaj imali su i epistatični genski efekti. Duplikatni tip epistatze između dominantnih gena sa negativnim predznakom nađen je kod ukrštanja C1, C4, C5, C6 i C8 u prvoj i kod ukrštanja C4, C9 i C10 u drugoj godini ispitivanja. Komplementarna epistaza između dominantnih gena sa negativnim predznakom nađena je kod ukrštanja Ci0 u prvoj, a duplikatna epistaza između dominantnih gena sa pozitivnim predznakom je nađena u ukrštanju C5 u drugoj godini ispitivanja

Effect of silicon on sunflower growth and nutrient accumulation under low boron supply

Study was focused on effect of silicon (Si) on growth and nutritional status of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under low boron (B) external supply. Plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions with two low B treatments (0.2 μM B and 0.5 μM B) with or without addition of Si and control treatment containing sufficient B supply. Shoots growth was only slightly affected by Si supply while accumulation of B in fully developed leaves was significantly higher only at 0.5 μM B. In roots, nutrients contents were relatively constant, while accumulation of all nutrients in leaves was affected by addition of Si. Differences were significant only in K, Fe and Mo between treatments 0.5 μM B and 0.5 μM B with Si added and in Zn between both treatments. In comparison with other studies, results confirmed that plant species show different response to Si application. Interaction of B and Si should be involved in further research in B deficiency in sunflower

In memoriam Dr. Aleksandar Mikić

It is with great sadness that we announce the passing of our dear colleague and fellow editor Dr. Aleksandar Mikić. He had excelled as a crop breeder at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops for 15 years developing substantial number of varieties before embarking on a new path of independent researcher. He found appreciation for grain legume crops which exceeded purely breeder’s interests. Researching and breeding pulse crops and brassicas, he immersed himself into linguistic, etymological, lexicological, historical, ethnobotanical, and archaeobotanical considerations of the crops

Životna sposobnost semena uljane repice (Brassica napus L.)

According to the surfaces on which the oil rape is grown, it is considered the third most important oil crop of moderate climate zone in the world today. The aim of this paper was to determine the seed viability by application of both the standard laboratory test and the vigor tests. Testing was done using 9 oil rape genotypes (three winter varieties: Slavica, Zlatna and Ilija; three spring varieties: Mira, Jovana and JR-NS-7; three hybrids NS-UR 4, NS-UR 6 and NS-UR 13). Seed germination, seedling growth parameters, fresh seedling mass, and vigor index were determined using standard laboratory (SL) test, accelerated aging (AA) test, and controlled deterioration (SD) test. With applied SL test, on average, statistically significantly higher values for all tested parameters were obtained in comparison to AA and CD tests. By calculating the vigor index genotypes Zlatna, JR-NS 7, NS-UR 4, NS-UR 6 and NS-UR 13 were singled out, in which statistically significantly higher values were obtained with SL in relation to AA and CD tests.Danas je uljana repica najvažnija uljana biljka umerenog klimata i po površinama na kojima se gaji zauzima treće mesto među uljaricama u svetu. Zbog svoje raznovrsne primene, površine pod ovom kulturom se povećavaju iz godine u godinu, pa je potrebno obezbediti dovoljne količine kvalitetnog semena. U laboratorijskim uslovima se životna sposobnost semena ispituje različitim metodama. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi životna sposobnost semena primenom standardnog laboratorijskog testa i vigor testova. Ispitivanja su izvedena na 9 genotipova uljane repice (tri ozime sorte: Slavica, Zlatna i Ilia; tri jare sorte: Mira, Jovana i JR-NS- 7; tri hibrida NS-UR 4, NS-UR 6 i NS-UR 13). Utvrđena je klijavost semena, dužina ponika, sveža masa ponika i vigor indeks primenom standardnog laboratorijskog (SL) testa, testa ubrzanog starenja (AA) i testa kontrolisanog propadanja (CD). Primenom SL testa u proseku dobijene su statistički značajno više vrednosti za sve ispitivane parametre u odnosu na primenu AA i CD testa. Izračunavanjem vigor indeksa izdvojili su se genotipovi Zlatna, JR-NS 7, NS-UR 4, NS-UR 6 i NS-UR 13 kod kojih su se javile statistički značajno više vrednosti primenom SL testa u odnosu na primenu AA i CD testa. Uzorci navedenih genotipova su pokazali manju tolerantnost na nepovoljne uslove visoke temperature i visoke vlažnosti vazduha. Vigor testovi su korisni jer nam daju pouzdaniju informaciju o kvalitetu semena, a naročito ih treba koristiti ako se setva vrši u vreme pojave nepovoljnih uslova u vreme nicanja i ako je potrebno vršiti skladištenje i čuvanje semena za narednu vegatacionu sezonu

Kombinirajuće sposobnosti sorti uljane repice (Brassica napus L.)

The global acreage under rapeseed increases steadily. Rapeseed is grown for oil for human consumption, feed and biodiesel production. For faster advances in breeding, it is necessary to know variability and combining ability of selection material i.e. modes of inheritance of certain traits. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of five rapeseed varieties as well as the mode of inheritance of plant height, height to the first lateral branch, number of lateral branches and seed yield per plant were analyzed in this paper. Positive heterosis for plant height was found in five cross combinations, for the height to the first lateral branch in two combinations and for the number of lateral branches in only one combination and for seed yield in three cross combinations. .Površine pod uljanom repicom u svetu su u stalnom porastu. Uljana repica se gaji za dobijanje ulja za humanu konzumaciju, za proizvodnju stočne hrane i biodizela. Za brži napredak u oplemenjivanju neophodno je poznavanje varijabilnosti i kombinacionih sposobnosti selekcionog materijala, odnosno načina nasleđivanja pojedinih svojstava. U radu su analizirane opšte (OKS) i posebne (PKS) kombinacione sposobnosti pet sorti uljane repice i način nasleđivanja visine biljke, visine prve bočne grane, broja bočnih grana i prinosa semena po biljci. Pozitivni heterozis ispoljio se za visinu biljke kod pet, za visinu prve bočne grane kod dve, broj bočnih grana kod jedne i prinosa semena kod tri kombinacije ukrštanja.

Biodiverzitet i osnovni aspekti njegovog održanja

Biodiversity, or diversity of plant resources in agriculture, is a biological basis of global food providing, directly or indirectly. Biodiversity implies diversity of genetic material contained in traditional and contemporary newly created genotypes. Mentioned resources could be the basis for the creation of new cultivars through conventional crossbreeding process or application of biotechnology. Plant resources include both wild relatives and other wild plant species that could be used as an energy source, for pharmaceutical purposes and as a source of beneficial genes. Genetic material is a reservoir of genetic adaptability that can prove to be a buffer against potentially harmful external or economic changes, regardless of the purpose and technology used. Erosion of plant resources could have serious and long-term effect on food supply.Biodiverzitet, ili raznolikost u biljnim resursima u poljoprivredi, je biološka osnova obezbeđenja sveta hranom, direktno ili indirektno. Biodiverzitet podrazumeva diverzitet genetičkog materijala sadržanog u tradi-cionalnim i u novostvorenim savremenim genotipovima. Pomenuti resursi mogu biti osnova za stvaranje novih sorti kroz proces konvencionalnog ukrštanja ili primenom biotehnologije. Biljni resursi podrazumevaju i divlje srodnike i druge divlje biljne vrste koje mogu da se koriste kao izvor energije, u farmaceutske svrhe, kao izvor poželjnih gena. Bez obzira za koju svrhu i koja tehnologija se koristi genetički materijal je rezervoar genetičke adaptabilnosti koji može da se pokaže kao pufer protiv potencijalno štetnih spoljašnjih ili ekonomskih promena. Erozija biljnih resursa može da ima ozbiljan i dugoročan uticaj na snabdevanje hranom

Uticaj suše na razvoj klijanaca kod različitih genotipova kukuruza (Zea mays L.)

Assuming that drought affects corn seed performance, such conditions were simulated in this study in order to examine their effects on seedling geminability and length in several corn genotypes. The study showed that the tested seeds tolerated the stress conditions up to a certain point. The studied genotypes differed in level of resistance to the stress conditions. Salt concentrations were determined, which were capable of negatively affecting seed germinability and seedling growth.Seme različitih genotipova kukuruza izloženo je različitim nepovoljnim faktorima. Simulirani su uslovi suše i njen uticaj na klijavost i dužinu ponika kod pojedinih genotipova kukuruza. Seme svih biljnih vrsta je osetljivo na pojavu suše, koja može javiti u vreme setve. Suša može da utiče na smanjenje klijavosti semena kukuruza kao i na smanjenje dužine korena i dužine nadzemnog dela ponika. Ispitivanja su pokazala razliku između genotipova u otpornosti na sušu. Takođe ispitivanjem su utvrđene koncentracije koje mogu imati negativan uticaj kako na klijavost semena tako i na porast klice. Istraživanje je pokazalo da ispitivano seme može podneti određene stresne uslove

Medicinal plants from Brassicaceae family - black and white mustard

Biljke iz porodice Brassicaceae su bogate nutrijentima, vitaminima C, E i K, folatima i mineralima. Pored njih, sadrže glukozinolate, grupu jedinjenja čiji proizvodi metabolizma predstavljaju antinutritivne materije zbog čega je upotreba mnogih vrsta iz ove porodice u ishrani ljudi i životinja ograničena. Glukozinolati i fenolne komponente daju karakterističan opor ukus ovoj grupi biljaka. Savremenim tehnološkim postupcima obrade moguće je smanjiti udeo ovih komponenti u finalnim proizvodima. Razgradnjom glukozinolata tokom varenja nastaju indoli, nitrili, tiocijanati i izotiocijanati, koji predstavljaju biološki aktivne materije. Dokazano je inhibitorno dejstvo indola i izotiocijanata na razvoj ćelija raka jetre, pluća, stomaka i bešike kod pacova i miševa. Utvrđeno je da ove materije sprečavaju oštećenja na DNK, da imaju antibakterijsko, antivirusno i antiinflamatorno dejstvo, kao i da indukuju apoptozu. Crna i bela slačica su jednogodišnje zeljaste biljke iz porodice kupusnjača. U Srbiji su najviše zastupljene na teritoriji Vojvodine. Pored ovog regiona, primećeno je da su uslovi za uspevanje slačice, kao i drugih jestivih vrsta iz porodice Brassicaceae povoljni i na jugoistoku Srbije. S tim u vezi, započeto je sakupljanje i evaluacija divljih vrsta kupusnjača u okviru EUBRASSWILD projekta evropskog programa saradnje za biljne genetičke resurse kako bi se utvrdilo njihovo stanje biodiverziteta i rasprostranjenost. Crna slačica, Brassica nigra, začinska je biljka rasprostranjena u Evropi, Aziji i Americi. Sreće se u prirodi u divljoj formi, a pored toga se gaji za industrijske svrhe. Preferira osunčana staništa. Široko je adaptirana na promenljive uslove spoljne sredine. Njeni zeleni listovi i tanko stablo su prekriveni sitnim dlačicama. Meki listovi ih čine različitim od drugih predstavnika porodice koji uglavnom imaju glatke i glaukozne listove. Destilacijom semena crne slačice dobija se etarsko ulje koje ima antiseptički i paraziticidni efekat. Zbog veće količine magnezijuma u semenu, ulje crne slačice stimuliše rast kose tako što pomaže rastvaranje naslaga na vlasištu oslobađajući folikul dlake, a pored toga povećava prokrvljenost. Preparati na bazi crne slačice (kreme, emulzije, masti) koriste se u lečenju reumatizma i artritisa. Redovnom upotrebom crne slačice jača se odbrambeni sistem tela. Bela slačica, Sinapisalba, je takođe začinska biljka, koja se sreće divlja kao korovska biljka na njivama, uz puteve, ili kao gajena. Rasprostranjena je na svim kontinentima. Od njenog semena se pravi senf. Postoje dokazi da se još pre 4000 godina p.n.e. u Kini i Pakistanu koristilo seme slačice. Pre nego što je postala poznata kao začin, slačica se prvobitno smatrala lekovitom biljkom. Pitagora je u svojim zapisima naveo da se usitnjeno seme bele slačice pomešano sa sirćetom može koristiti kod ujeda zmija i škorpija. Čaj od bele slačice se koristi za olakšavanje varenja, a u narodnoj medicini u formi obloga za lečenje reumatizma. Sveži mladi listovi bogati vitaminom A, C i E koriste se kao salata i za „čišćenje“ krvi. U slučaju zubobolje, preporučuje se žvakanje slačice radi umanjenja bola, a postoje navodi da isti efekat ima i mlečni sok iz stabljike. Takođe, bela slačica je dobra za pčelinju ispašu, jer su njeni cvetovi bogati nektarom. Pored navedenih mogućnosti upotrebe bele i crne slačice kao lekovitog bilja, one se mogu koristiti za zelenišno đubrivo, ishranu ptica i u industrijske svrhe.Plants from the Brassicaceae family are rich in nutrients, vitamins C, E and K, folates and minerals. In addition, they contain glucosinolates, a group of organic compounds whose metabolic products have antinutritional effect, which is why the use of many species from this family in human and animal nutrition is limited. Glucosinolates and phenolic components give pungent bitter taste to this group of plants. With modern technological processing procedures, the share of these components in the final products can be reduced. During digestion, glucosinolates are degraded into indoles, nitriles, thiocyanates and isothiocyanates, which are biologically active compounds. Indole and isothiocyanates have inhibitory effect of on the development of liver, lung, stomach and bladder cancer cells in rats and mice. These compoundsalso prevent DNA damage, have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, andstimulate apoptosis. Black and white mustard are annual herbaceous plants from the cabbage family. In Serbia, they are mostly distributed in Vojvodina province. Apart from this region, it was noticed that growing conditions for mustards and other edible Brassicas, are favorable in southeastern Serbia. In this regard, the collection and evaluation of wild species from Brassicaceae family started off within the EUBRASSWILD project of the European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources in order to determine their biodiversity status and distribution. Black mustard, Brassica nigra, is a spice plant widespread in Europe, Asia and America.In addition to cultivated mustard that is grown for industrial purposes, it also occurswild innature. Black mustardprefers sunny habitats and is widely adapted to changing environmental conditions. Its green leaves and thin stem are covered with hairs. Soft leavesdistinguish them from other family members who mostly have smooth and glaucous leaves. Distillation of black mustard seeds yields essential oil that possesses antiseptic and parasiticidal effect. Due to the higher content of magnesium in the seed, black mustard oil stimulates hair growth by dissolving deposits on the scalp, thusreleasing the hair follicle, and additionally increase blood circulation. Remedieswith black mustard (creams, emulsions, ointments) are used in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis. Regular use of black mustard strengthens the body's immune system. White mustard, Sinapis alba, is also a spice plant, which is found in wild form as a weed in fields, along roadsides, or as cultivated. It is widespread on all continents. Mustard is made from its seeds. There is evidence that as far back as 4000 BC in China and Pakistan mustard seedswere used. Before it became known as a spice, mustard was originally considered a medicinal plant. Pythagoras stated in his notes that powdered white mustard seeds mixed with vinegar can be used to heal bite of snakes and scorpions. White mustard tea is used to facilitate digestion, and in traditional medicine in the form of a poultice to treat rheumatism. Fresh young leaves rich in vitamins A, C and E are used as a salad and to "cleanse" the blood. In case of toothache, chewing mustard is recommended to reduce pain, and there are indications that milk juice from the stem has the same effect. Also, white mustard is good for bee grazing, because its flowers are rich in nectar. In addition to the mentioned applications of white and black mustard as medicinal plants, they can be used for green manure, as part of bird diet and for industrial purposes

Oplemenjivanje ozime uljane repice u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo

Winter rapeseed breeding program (Brassica napus L) was started at the Institute in mid-1980s. It was something of a "freelance" program breeding priorities of Oilcrops Department were the development of sunflower hybrids resistant to major fungal diseases, sunflower moth and broomrape. Serious efforts on the breeding of 0- and 00-type winter rapeseeds were invested after the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia. In addition to the breeding of cultivars with conventional oil, we worked on the breeding of cultivars with high oleic content (over 73%). Using foreign cultivars as initial breeding material and the pedigree method and convergent crossing according to the principle of transgressive recombination, cultivars had been developed which were released in the country and abroad. Cvs. Banaćanka and Slavica (group 00) and cv. Nena (group 0) were registered in the country. Cv. NS-L-25, with high oleic acid content, will be released in near future. Cv. Anna released in the Ukraine is classified as 00 type. Our program of hybrid development utilizes a cms system known as the Ogura system, discovered at INRA in 1968.Rad na oplemenjivanju ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L) započet je u Institutu sredinom 80-tih godina prošlog veka. Više "rekreativno" jer je u Zavodu za uljane kulture osnovna preokupacija bila stvaranje visoko prinosnih uljanih hibrida suncokreta otpornih na prevalentne bolesti, suncokretov moljac i parazitnu cvetnicu volovod. Posle raspada SFR Jugoslavije prišlo se ozbiljnije stvaranju visoko produktivnih sorata ozime uljane repice tipa "0" i "00". Pored stvaranja sorata sa standardnim tipom ulja radilo se i na stvaranju sorata sa povećanim sadržajem oleinske kiseline u ulju (preko 73%). Koristeći inostrane sorte kao početni selekcioni materijal i selekcione metode: pedigre i konvergentnog ukrštanja prema principu transgresivne rekombinacije. razvijene su sorte koje su registrovane u Srbiji i Crnoj gori i inostranstvu. Kod nas su registrovane Banaćanka i Slavica iz grupe "00" i Nena iz grupe "0". U postupku registracije se nalazi sorta NS-L-25 sa povećanim sadržajem oleinske kiseline. U Ukrajini je registrovana sorta Anna koja spada u grupu "00". U okviru programa stvaranja hibrida koristi se cms sistem poznat pod imenom ogura otkriven 1968. u INRA