Grapevine candidate reference gene stability rankings during different treatments according to geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper.

<p>SV, stability value; CC, Pearson coefficient of correlation.</p><p>Grapevine candidate reference gene stability rankings during different treatments according to geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper.</p

Candidate genes and primer pairs for <i>q</i>RT-PCR normalization in grapevine samples.

a<p>Powdery mildew (<i>Erysiphe necator</i>).</p>b<p>Not determined.</p>c<p><i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i>.</p>d<p>Responsive gene used for differential expression quantification.</p><p>Candidate genes and primer pairs for <i>q</i>RT-PCR normalization in grapevine samples.</p

Differential gene expression of <i>PAL</i> in grapevine leaves induced by (a) wounding and (b) UV-C irradiation.

<p>Relative gene expression quantification was performed using four different normalization factors derived from: the combination of the two top ranked genes, the best ranked gene, the second most stable gene and the worst ranked gene. All values are mean±SD (n = 4). Statistical differences (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test) to UBC+VAG – wounding or UBC+PEP – UV-C irradiation are marked: ns – not significant (<i>P</i>>0.05); * – significant (0.01<<i>P</i><0.05); ** – very significant (0.001<<i>P</i><0.01).</p

Consensus stability rankings generated by Monte Carlo algorithm for (a) leaf infection with <i>E. necator</i>, (b) leaf wounding, (c) leaf irradiation with UV-C, and (d) wood infection with <i>P. chlamydospora</i>.

<p>RankAggreg (v. 0.4–3) package for R was used to compute Monte Carlo algorithm with the Spearman footrule distances on the rank lists generated by each applet. Individual stability measurements (geNorm, NormFinder or BestKeeper) are shown in grey, average rank positions in black and the computed Monte Carlo model in red.</p

Expression profile of candidate normalization genes in grapevine samples during (a) leaf infection with <i>E. necator</i>, (b) leaf wounding, (c) leaf irradiation with UV-C and (d) wood infection with <i>P. chlamydospora</i>.

<p>Absolute <i>Ct</i> values for each treatment and the corresponding controls were combined. Each sample group comprises 5 to 7 biological replicates. The boxes indicate the 25^th and 75^th percentiles. Lines within the boxes represent the median. Maximum and minimum values are represented by wiskers.</p