Influência do suco de laranja na microbiota intestinal humana

A microbiota intestinal apresenta impacto direto na saúde do hospedeiro sendo fortemente influenciada pela dieta. O consumo de suco de laranja vem sendo associado à redução do risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, principalmente devido à presença de compostos bioativos. Os compostos bioativos presentes no suco de laranja, especialmente os polifenóis, também podem estar relacionados com a composição e o metabolismo da microbiota intestinal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência do suco de laranja fresco e pasteurizado sobre a microbiota intestinal usando o Simulador do Ecossistema Microbiano Humano (SEMH®). O SEMH® foi utilizado para investigar a fermentação do suco de laranja ao longo do cólon e para avaliar as alterações na composição e no metabolismo microbiano. A atividade antioxidante dos sucos e das amostras dos compartimentos do SEMH® também foi avaliada. Foi observado no tratamento com suco de laranja fresco aumento (p≤0,05) das populações de Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. e Clostridium spp. e diminuição (p≤0,05) de enterobactérias, enquanto no tratamento com suco de laranja pasteurizado houve aumento (p≤0,05) da população de Lactobacillus spp. e diminuição (p≤0,05) de enterobactérias. A análise de PCR-DGGE mostrou redução dos valores de riqueza da população de bactérias totais para ambos os sucos. Em relação ao metabolismo microbiano, foi observado aumento (p≤0,05) da produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e diminuição (p≤0,05) do conteúdo de íons amônio no tratamento com os sucos de laranja fresco e pasteurizado. A atividade antioxidante das amostras dos compartimentos do SEMH® no tratamento com os sucos de laranja foi elevada, com ligeira redução em comparação àquela do suco fresco e do suco pasteurizado. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) permitiu diferenciar o tratamento com os sucos dos períodos controle e washout, mostrando que os sucos de laranja fresco e pasteurizado apresentaram impacto sobre a microbiota intestinal. Os sucos mostraram efeito prebiótico e seletivo sobre a microbiota intestinal com aumento de AGCC e bactérias comensais e diminuição de íons amônio, embora com redução dos valores de riqueza da população de bactérias totais.The gut microbiota has a direct impact on host's health being strongly influenced by diet. Orange juice consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, largely because of the presence of bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds present in orange juice, particularly polyphenols, may also be associated with the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of fresh orange juice and pasteurized orange juice on gut microbiota using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). SHIME® was used to investigate orange juice fermentation throughout the colon and to assess changes in microbial composition and microbial metabolism. Antioxidant activity of the SHIME® vessels and juice was also evaluated. An increase (p≤0.05) in Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. population was observed in fresh orange juice treatment, as well as a reduction (p≤0.05) in enterobacteria. Regarding pasteurized orange juice treatment, an increase (p≤0.05) in Lactobacillus spp. population and a decrease (p≤0.05) in enterobacteria was observed. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed a reduction in total bacteria population richness values on both juices. According to microbial metabolism, an increasing (p≤0.05) of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and decreasing (p≤0.05) of ammonium was observed for two juices treatments evaluated. The antioxidant activity of the samples from the SHIME® vessels in the orange juice treatments was high, with a slight reduction compared to that of fresh juice and pasteurized juice. Both fresh and pasteurized orange juice influenced on gut microbiota according to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which enabled to differentiate the orange juice treatments from control and washout periods. Both juices showed a prebiotic and selective effect on gut microbiota which is in agreement with increases in both SCFAs and commensal bacteria, as well as with decreases in ammonium levels, though total bacteria richness values were reduced.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Breast-milk derived potential probiotics as strategy for the management of childhood obesity

Obesity and overweight, and their concomitant metabolic diseases, emerge as one of the most severe health problems in the world. Prevention and management of obesity are proposed to begin early in childhood, when probiotics may have a role. The Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), in a dynamic validated in vitro system able to simulate the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, has proven to be useful in analyzing the human intestinal microbial community. L. plantarum 73a and B. animalis subsp. lactis INL1, two strains isolated from breast milk, were assayed in the SHIME® using the fecal microbiota of an obese child. L. plantarum 73a alone or in combination with B. animalis subsp. lactis INL1 demonstrated survival capacity in the SHIME® system. The administration of both strains increased the alpha diversity of the microbiota and reduced the levels of the phylum Proteobacteria. In particular, the genera Escherichia, Shigella, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were significantly reduced when both strains were administered. The increase of Proteobacteria phylum is generally associated with the microbiota of obese people. Escherichia and Shigella can be involved in inflammation-dependent adiposity and insulin resistance. L. plantarum 73a supplementation reduced ammonia production. L. plantarum 73a alone or in combination with B. animalis subsp. lactis INL1 are potential probiotic candidates for the management of infant obesity.Fil: Oddi, Sofia Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Huber, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Duque, Ana Luiza Rocha Faria. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Vinderola, Celso Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Sivieri, Katia. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the gut microbiota of autistic children using an in vitro gut microbiome model

International audienc

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data