24 research outputs found
UPOTREBA ICT-A U OSNOVNIM Å KOLAMA - ANALIZA DIGITALNE PODJELE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
ICT has changed the way we live, work, learn and communicate. However, the recent uneven expansion of technology use has led to the emergence of differences between countries, regions, groups of people and individuals. In addition, another difference known as the digital divide resurfaced. In this paper the authors have outlined the results of their research, which took place in April and June of 2011 among 4 th grade pupils. The aim of the research was to determine whether the digital divide among 4th grade primary school pupils in certain rural and urban regions exists. Our sample consisted of 286 pupils in 9 primary schools. Four primary schools have been taken as representatives of the urban regions (the town of Zagreb) and 5 of the rural (the region of Nova GradiÅ”ka).The results show that the digital divide does not manifest itself when compared against the access of infrastructure. However, the results imply that a digital divide might exist between the pupils of these two regions with regard to the knowledge of technology use, but also to the opportunity of buying new technologies.U posljednje vrijeme dolazi do neujednaÄenog Å”irenja i upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija, Å”to dovodi do sve veÄih razlika izmeÄu razliÄitih zemalja, njihovih regija, grupa ljudi i pojedinaca. Pojavila se joÅ” jedna nejednakost koja se naziva digitalnom podjelom. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja digitalne podjele uÄenika 4. razreda koje je provedeno u republici hrvatskoj u travnju i svibnju 2011. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost digitalne podjele kod uÄenika 4. Razreda osnovnih Å”kola u jednoj urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini Republike Hrvatske. Ukupno je ispitano 286 uÄenika u 9 osnovnih Å”kola. 4 osnovne Å”kole predstavljale su urbanu sredinu (grad Zagreb), a 5 ruralnu (okolicu Nove GradiÅ”ke). Rezultati su pokazali kako se digitalna podjela kod uÄenika 4. Razreda ne oÄituje s obzirom na pristup infrastrukturi. No rezultati su uputili i na postojanje digitalne podjele izmeÄu uÄenika ove dvije sredine s obzirom na poznavanje upotrebe tehnologija, ali i s obzirom na moguÄnost kupovine novih tehnologija
UPOTREBA ICT-A U OSNOVNIM Å KOLAMA - ANALIZA DIGITALNE PODJELE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
ICT has changed the way we live, work, learn and communicate. However, the recent uneven expansion of technology use has led to the emergence of differences between countries, regions, groups of people and individuals. In addition, another difference known as the digital divide resurfaced. In this paper the authors have outlined the results of their research, which took place in April and June of 2011 among 4 th grade pupils. The aim of the research was to determine whether the digital divide among 4th grade primary school pupils in certain rural and urban regions exists. Our sample consisted of 286 pupils in 9 primary schools. Four primary schools have been taken as representatives of the urban regions (the town of Zagreb) and 5 of the rural (the region of Nova GradiÅ”ka).The results show that the digital divide does not manifest itself when compared against the access of infrastructure. However, the results imply that a digital divide might exist between the pupils of these two regions with regard to the knowledge of technology use, but also to the opportunity of buying new technologies.U posljednje vrijeme dolazi do neujednaÄenog Å”irenja i upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija, Å”to dovodi do sve veÄih razlika izmeÄu razliÄitih zemalja, njihovih regija, grupa ljudi i pojedinaca. Pojavila se joÅ” jedna nejednakost koja se naziva digitalnom podjelom. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja digitalne podjele uÄenika 4. razreda koje je provedeno u republici hrvatskoj u travnju i svibnju 2011. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost digitalne podjele kod uÄenika 4. Razreda osnovnih Å”kola u jednoj urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini Republike Hrvatske. Ukupno je ispitano 286 uÄenika u 9 osnovnih Å”kola. 4 osnovne Å”kole predstavljale su urbanu sredinu (grad Zagreb), a 5 ruralnu (okolicu Nove GradiÅ”ke). Rezultati su pokazali kako se digitalna podjela kod uÄenika 4. Razreda ne oÄituje s obzirom na pristup infrastrukturi. No rezultati su uputili i na postojanje digitalne podjele izmeÄu uÄenika ove dvije sredine s obzirom na poznavanje upotrebe tehnologija, ali i s obzirom na moguÄnost kupovine novih tehnologija
Ophthalmologic Examination of the Child
The ophthalmologic examination of the child consists of an assessment of the physiological function, anatomic eye, and visual system status. A comprehensive eye examination of the child should include history of presenting problem, patientās and familyās medical histories, estimation of fixation and measurement of visual acuity, assessment of binocular vision, Bruckner test, assessment of ocular motility, Hirschbergās test, cover/uncover test, and assessment of anterior and posterior segments. The order of examination may vary depending on the childās cooperation. The record of the childās level of cooperation during the examination is of great benefit in the interpretation of the results
Intraocular Lens (IOL) Materials
In 1949, first intraocular lens (IOL) insertion after cataract surgery was performed by Sir Harold Ridley, in London. Only in the 1970s, the IOL insertion after cataract surgery began to be a standard procedure. The material the first IOL-s were composed of was polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The PMMA is a rigid material and the corneal incision had to be at least as big as the IOLs optic and it became its biggest disadvantage in the cataract surgery. The main goal of modern cataract surgery is as smallest incision possible, so the IOL-s had to be flexible and therefore foldable. This goal was achieved by improvements in the IOL design and materials that made them foldable. First foldable IOL-s were made of hydrogel but they were unstable and the development of the first silicone IOL-s overcame that problem. Foldable silicone IOL-s were first implanted in 1978 by Kai-yi Zhou. Foldable IOLās benefits are its compatibility with a small incision surgery that is self-sealing procedure and the possibility of insertion by a single-use applicators that made the surgery safer. In the future, we can expect some new, different and innovative approaches in the IOL design and materials
Aktivna okularna toksoplazmoza pacijenata dijagnosticiranih i lijeÄenih u OpÄoj bolnici Zadar
Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the 20-60% of all the cases of chorioretinitis. Causes of permanently reduced vision (found in about 25% of the patients) include macular active lesions and macular oedema, optic nerve involvement, vascular occlusion, retinal detachment, and late secondary choroidal neovascularization.
A retrospective, non-consecutive chart review was performed on 11 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis. At examination, all patients had central active lesions on retina. Preexisting chorioretinal scars were found in seven patients (63.6%). Eight patients (72.7%) had vitritis, while three patients (27,3%) had iridocyclitis. Six patients (54.6 %) had macular inflammatory lesions, four (36,37%) of them had active lesions out of vascular arcades, and one (9.1%) had active lesions inside vascular arcades, while macula was not affected. The mean value of visual acuity at first visit of the patients was 0,5. The mean value of visual acuity was 0.9 after the healing process. All the patients were treated with oral antibiotics. Seven patients also received oral corticosteriods, and seven of them were also treated with pyrimethamine. All patients with signs of iridocyclitis were also treated with topical corticosteroids. Although toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis is usually a self-limited infection and generally resolves spontaneously, unrecognised cases can result in severe visual impairments.Toxoplasma gondii je uzroÄnik 20-60 % svih sluÄajeva korioretinitisa. Uzroci trajno smanjenog vida (sluÄaj kod otprilike 25% pacijenata) ukljuÄuju aktivne lezije u makuli, makularni edem, lezije optiÄkog živca, vaskularne okluzije, ablacije mrežnice i kasne koroidalne neovaskularizacije. Prilikom pregleda, svi su pacijenti imali aktivne lezije na mrežnici. Raniji korioretinalni ožiljci pronaÄeni su u sedam pacijenata (63,6%). Osam pacijenata je imalo vitritis (72,7%), dok su tri pacijenta imala iridociklitis (27,3%). Å est pacijenata (54,6 %) imalo je upalne lezije u makuli, Äetvero (36,37%) je imalo aktivne lezije izvan krvožilnih arkada, a jedan (9,1%) je imao aktivne lezije unutar krvožilnih arkada, dok makula nije bila zahvaÄena. Srednja vrijednost vidne oÅ”trine prilikom prvog pregleda bila je 0,5. Poslije izljeÄenja srednja vrijednost vidne oÅ”trine bila je 0,9. Svi pacijenti lijeÄeni su peroralnim antibioticima. Sedam pacijenata je, takoÄer, primilo peroralne kortikosteroide, a sedam pirimetamin. Svi pacijenti s iridociklitisom su, takoÄer, primili topiÄke kortikosteroide. Iako je korioretinitis uzrokovan toksoplazmom uobiÄajeno samolimitirajuÄa bolest koja se može spontano izlijeÄiti, nedijagnosticirani sluÄajevi mogu rezultirati ozbiljnim oÅ”teÄenjima vida
Aktivna okularna toksoplazmoza pacijenata dijagnosticiranih i lijeÄenih u OpÄoj bolnici Zadar
Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the 20-60% of all the cases of chorioretinitis. Causes of permanently reduced vision (found in about 25% of the patients) include macular active lesions and macular oedema, optic nerve involvement, vascular occlusion, retinal detachment, and late secondary choroidal neovascularization.
A retrospective, non-consecutive chart review was performed on 11 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis. At examination, all patients had central active lesions on retina. Preexisting chorioretinal scars were found in seven patients (63.6%). Eight patients (72.7%) had vitritis, while three patients (27,3%) had iridocyclitis. Six patients (54.6 %) had macular inflammatory lesions, four (36,37%) of them had active lesions out of vascular arcades, and one (9.1%) had active lesions inside vascular arcades, while macula was not affected. The mean value of visual acuity at first visit of the patients was 0,5. The mean value of visual acuity was 0.9 after the healing process. All the patients were treated with oral antibiotics. Seven patients also received oral corticosteriods, and seven of them were also treated with pyrimethamine. All patients with signs of iridocyclitis were also treated with topical corticosteroids. Although toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis is usually a self-limited infection and generally resolves spontaneously, unrecognised cases can result in severe visual impairments.Toxoplasma gondii je uzroÄnik 20-60 % svih sluÄajeva korioretinitisa. Uzroci trajno smanjenog vida (sluÄaj kod otprilike 25% pacijenata) ukljuÄuju aktivne lezije u makuli, makularni edem, lezije optiÄkog živca, vaskularne okluzije, ablacije mrežnice i kasne koroidalne neovaskularizacije. Prilikom pregleda, svi su pacijenti imali aktivne lezije na mrežnici. Raniji korioretinalni ožiljci pronaÄeni su u sedam pacijenata (63,6%). Osam pacijenata je imalo vitritis (72,7%), dok su tri pacijenta imala iridociklitis (27,3%). Å est pacijenata (54,6 %) imalo je upalne lezije u makuli, Äetvero (36,37%) je imalo aktivne lezije izvan krvožilnih arkada, a jedan (9,1%) je imao aktivne lezije unutar krvožilnih arkada, dok makula nije bila zahvaÄena. Srednja vrijednost vidne oÅ”trine prilikom prvog pregleda bila je 0,5. Poslije izljeÄenja srednja vrijednost vidne oÅ”trine bila je 0,9. Svi pacijenti lijeÄeni su peroralnim antibioticima. Sedam pacijenata je, takoÄer, primilo peroralne kortikosteroide, a sedam pirimetamin. Svi pacijenti s iridociklitisom su, takoÄer, primili topiÄke kortikosteroide. Iako je korioretinitis uzrokovan toksoplazmom uobiÄajeno samolimitirajuÄa bolest koja se može spontano izlijeÄiti, nedijagnosticirani sluÄajevi mogu rezultirati ozbiljnim oÅ”teÄenjima vida
COVID-19 Conjunctivitis
The outbreak of new Cov-2 epidemic was detected in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ā2 and started its rapid spread througth the world. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on the 30th of January 2020. -2 infection can present with spectrum of clinical manifestations, primary of upper respiratory tract and in some cases, especially in immunocompromised patients can cause changes in lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Conjunctivitis is not a common manifestation of SARS-Cov-2 infection. It should however be kept in mind that patients with ocular manifestations and symptoms can represent the COVID-19 cases. CoVs can produce several ocular manifestations from conjunctivitis, uveitis ā anterior and posterior, retinitis and optic neuritis
Combined Procedure of Phacoemulsififi cation and Implantation of Ex-PRESS Miniature Glaucoma Shunt
Glaucoma patients not responding to maximum medical therapy with coexistent cataract are candidates for combined
cataract and glaucoma therapy. There are different therapy models. The choice of therapy depends on numerous patient
and surgeon related factors. Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt is a modifi ed trabeculectomy and can be combined with
cataract surgery when indicated. In this paper we presented our experience with this combined procedure. Our results
showed good intraocular pressure control and visual acuity improvement, comparable to other therapy choices
Capsular Tension Ring in Damaged Zonules
Capsular tension ring (CTR) is endocapsular support device important during cataract surgery in eyes with weak
zonular apparatus. It was presented our experience, advantages and limitations of CTR in phacoemulsifi cation cataract
surgery with damaged zonules. Phacoemulsifi cation surgery was performed by clear corneal technique using topical
anesthesia. Capsular ring was implanted to stabilize the capsular bag before implantation of intraocular lens. CTR has
become increasingly important in the management of zonular weakness during cataract extraction. It lowers the incidence
of capsule contraction, stabilizes the capsular bag and enhances IOL centration