Schematic model of physiological consequences of blocked Hz formation in triatomine midgut.

<p>In the presence of QND, heme derived from blood meal forms stable complexes with this drug, impairing Hz formation in the midgut lumen. Non-crystallized heme levels build up in the midgut causing cytotoxic effects to <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> trypomastigotes. Excessive heme is transported to hemolymph through the midgut cells by hemoxisomes/residual bodies, causing redox imbalance and autophagy in the midgut. Heme accumulates in the hemolymph, increasing RHBP production, as a compensatory defense against "free" heme. However, this mechanism is overwhelmed, as the levels of urate drop. Redox imbalance has a direct effect on oogenesis, reducing egg production.</p

Cladogram of insect Lysozymes from glycoside hydrolase Family 22.

<p>The <i>R. prolixus</i> sequences are shown by the notation RP- followed by a unique number. The remaining proteins were obtained from GenBank and they are annotated with accession number followed by species name. The dendrogram was generated with the UPGMA algorithm. The branches were statistically supported by bootstrap analysis (cut-off 40) based on 1,000 replicates.</p

Bootstrapped phylogram of <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> and other insect peritrophin annotated as Group IV peritrophin in Fig. 1.

<p>Bootstrap values above 50% are shown on the branches. The bottom line indicates 10% amino acid sequence divergence between the proteins. <i>R. prolixus</i> sequences are shown by the notation RP followed by a unique number. The remaining protein sequences were obtained from GenBank and are annotated with the first three letters of the genus name followed by the first three letters of the species name followed by their GenBank GI number. All non-<i>Rhodnius</i> sequences derive mostly from mosquitoes, with one deriving from a flea and another from a sand fly. Roman numerals indicate clades with mixed mosquito genera. Ten thousand replicates were done for the bootstrap test using the neighbor joining method.</p

Bootstrapped phylogram of <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> midgut lectins aligned with their best matches to the NR database.

<p>Bootstrap values above 50% are shown on the branches. The bottom line indicates 10% amino acid sequence divergence between the proteins. <i>R. prolixus</i> sequences are shown by the notation RP followed by a unique number. The remaining sequences were obtained from GenBank and are annotated with the first three letters of the genus name, followed by the first three letters of the species name, followed by their GenBank GI number. One thousand replicates were done for the bootstrap test using the neighbor joining test.</p

Functional classification of AM-overexpressed transcripts (>10× compared to posterior) from <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>.

<p>Functional classification of AM-overexpressed transcripts (>10× compared to posterior) from <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>.</p

Functional classification of gut-overexpressed transcripts (>10× compared to whole body) from <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>.

<p>Functional classification of gut-overexpressed transcripts (>10× compared to whole body) from <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>.</p