Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of temporomandibular joint luxation in cats: 21 cases (2000–2018)

This study was performed to report etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in 21 cats (2000–2018). TMJ luxation was diagnosed by either dental radiography or computed tomography (CT). Causes for TMJ luxation included altercation with a dog (38%), hit-by-car (19%), unknown (19%), fall (19%), and ran into inanimate object (5%). The most common complication was development of permanent malocclusion (24%), followed by reduced vertical mandibular range of motion (5%). Reduction of TMJ luxation was successful in 94.7% of the cases. Reduction of the TMJ luxation was significantly associated with time from injury to treatment. No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury, type of TMJ stabilization, and outcome. TMJ luxation in cats carries an excellent prognosis with early joint reduction and supportive care. Concurrent dental trauma and maxillofacial injuries are common, and all patients with head trauma must be stabilized and evaluated with a thorough examination

Modulatory effect of Andean blackberry polyphenols on genes related to antioxidant and inflammatory responses, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and autophagy

BACKGROUND: The Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is one of Ecuador’s most iconic Andean berries for which a high anthocyanin content has been described. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of the Andean blackberry from Ecuador, with an emphasis on its effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy processes. RESULTS: Andean blackberry extracts were rich in hydroxycinnamates (coumaric acid and derivates), in addition to quercetin and kaempferol as principal flavonols. Cyanidin and its glycosides were identified as the main anthocyanins present. Andean blackberry extracts efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts also caused a moderate decrease in the expression of the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant genes NFκB1, TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and NOS2 expression, while they significantly increased the mRNA levels of both SOD1 and NFE2L2 genes. Andean blackberry extracts significantly decreased the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, as well as p62 levels, and the LC3I/LC3II ratio increased, suggesting a direct action of Andean blackberry compounds on the inflammatory response and restoration of the autophagy process. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Andean blackberries potentially have an anti-inflammatory effect through their ability to regulate genes related to the inflammatory and antioxidant response, as well as modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and autophagy processes

Ciencia y persuasión social en la medicalización de la infancia en España, siglos XIX-XX Science and social persuasion in the medicalization of childhood in 19th- and 20th-century Spain

Este trabajo indaga la conversión en rutinaria de la visita del médico de niños en España. Estudia la sustitución de modelos de atención al embarazo, parto y crianza, tradicionalmente opacos para varones y objeto de cuidados mediante agentes populares, por otros accesibles a la medicina académica. A partir de la situación existente a nivel popular en el último tercio del siglo XIX, exploramos la repercusión de campañas de divulgación científica - entendidas como crítica sin cuartel a lo que se construyó como cultura popular - y la proliferación de dispositivos asistenciales gratuitos. La oferta de vigilancia sobre la alimentación de lactantes permitió familiarizar a las madres con la asistencia facultativa en la enfermedad, hasta que, en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la Pediatría se centró preferentemente en las patologías y la Puericultura dejó de ser especialidad médica para convertirse en identidad profesional subalterna.<br>The article explores how childhood visits to doctors first became routine in Spain. The introduction of new models of prenatal care, childbirth, and childrearing required the extension of academic medicine into a terrain traditionally occupied by practitioners of popular medicine. Focusing on the status quo for most of the population in the final third of the nineteenth century, the study examines the repercussion of the era's scientific outreach campaigns (expressions of harsh criticism of what popular culture had constructed) and the spread of free health assistance. In particular, it highlights how attention to the nutritional needs of nursing mothers helped these women gain familiarity with the medical assistance available in the case of illness - so much so that by the second half of the twentieth century, the issues of health education and promotion had been relegated to a secondary plane within the medical profession