Clinical usefulness of cyclin D1 investigation in neoplastic tumors : review of the literature

Cyclin-dependent serine-threonine kinases, among them D1 cyclin, are responsible for cell cycle regulation in the G1 phase. Cyclins, as well as proteins cooperating with them, are broadly investigated, because their dysfunction may lead to neoplastic transformation. In this article we present an overview of the literature concerning cyclin D1 expression in: gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma, colon and rectum cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The authors have underlined the articles were cyclin D1 expression is studied in: skin cancers (squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas), dysplastic nevi and malignant melanoma

Retrospective data analysis of the history of patients treated for malignant melanoma at the Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University between 1991 and 2008

Melanoma is the most worrisome melanocytic skin lesion. It is also one of the most malignant tumours, and rapidly forms metastases. Melanoma incidence and mortality rates are increasing in most countries throughout the world. To analyse retrospectively the history of patients who were diagnosed with malignant melanoma at the Department of Dermatology Jagiellonian University, Krakow. Using retrospective data we analysed history cases of 194 patients, 83 men (42.8%) and 111 women (57.2%) with melanoma. The patients' age, sex, location and number of the lesions and melanoma type were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA. According to the observations there was a significant increase of morbidity rate between 1991 (1 case) and 2001 (23 cases). In all investigated populations melanoma was more commonly observed on the trunk (37.5%) than on the head and neck (2.1%). Melanomas were predominant on the trunk in males (51.2%), and equally on the lower limb and trunk for females (27.3%, p = 0.003). In most cases melanoma developed from a pre-existing naevus (64.4%). Lentigo maligna was found on sun-exposed areas in 72.2% of cases, mostly among patients over 60 years old. Nodular melanoma was the predominant type (30.7%), while acral lentiginous melanoma was the rarest one (1%). Most of the melanoma cases were at Clark level IV when diagnosed (32.8%), whereas cases at Clark level V were found in 5.2%. The majority of melanoma lesions were at Breslow stage III and IV when excised (p = 0.006). Our results confirmed that patients with melanoma had decided to visit the dermatologist too late, when the tumour was at an advanced stage. There is still insufficient knowledge of the self-examination of the naevi as well as of the need for regular dermatological examination of suspicious lesions and early surgical excision if necessary

Expression of cyclins A and E in melanocytic skin lesions and its correlation with some clinicopathologic features

Cyclins play a fundamental role in the cell cycle. Recent studies have focused on their role in the development of various malignancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of cyclins A and E in common nevi, dysplastic nevi and malignant melanomas, and to investigate the relationship between cyclin expression and some pathological parameters such as tumor thickness, ulceration, regression, and mitotic rate, as well as several clinical and phenotypic parameters such as skin phototype, hair and eye color, number of nevi, personal or family melanoma history, and personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). A total of 102 melanocytic skin lesions, including 30 common nevi, 38 dysplastic nevi and 34 melanomas, were examined. Expression of cyclins was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified as a percentage of immunostained cell nuclei in each sample. Significant differences in expression of both cyclins were found between all lesion types: the median percentage of cyclin A-positive nuclei was 8.2% in melanomas, 3.4% in dysplastic nevi, and 0.95% in common nevi (p < 0.001). The corresponding percentages for cyclin E were 9.5%, 4.25% and 1.44% (p < 0.001). Expression of both cyclins was significantly higher among patients with a personal history of NMSC. Cyclin A was also significantly overexpressed in patients with a high total nevus count (TNC) compared to moderate and low TNC. Expression of cyclins did not significantly correlate with the other clinicopathologic features investigated. These findings indicate the possible involvement of cyclins A and E in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma. Our results also show a potential diagnostic significance of these cyclins as markers allowing discrimination between dysplastic nevi and melanoma

Cyclin D1 and D3 expression in melanocytic skin lesions

Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, as well as proteins cooperating with them are responsible for cell cycle regulation which is crucial for normal development, injury repair, and tumorigenesis. D-type cyclins regulate G1 cell cycle progression by enhancing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases, and their expression is frequently altered in tumors. Disturbances in cyclin expression were also reported in melanocytic skin lesions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of cyclins D1 and D3 in common, dysplastic, and malignant melanocytic skin lesions. Forty-eight melanocytic skin lesions including common nevi (10), dysplastic nevi (24), and melanomas (14) were diagnosed by dermoscopy and excised. Expression of cyclin D1 and D3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified as percentage of immunostained cell nuclei in each sample. In normal skin, expression of cyclins D1 and D3 was not detected. The mean percentage of cyclin D1-positive nuclei was 7.75% for melanoma samples, 5% for dysplastic nevi samples, and 0.34% for common nevi samples. For cyclin D3, the respective values were 17.8, 6.4, and 1.8%. Statistically significant differences in cyclin D1 expression were observed between melanomas and common nevi as well as between dysplastic and common nevi (p = 0.0001), but not between melanomas and dysplastic nevi. Cyclin D3 expression revealed significant differences between all investigated lesion types (p = 0.0000). The mean cyclin D1 and D3 scores of melanomas with Breslow thickness <1 mm and >1 mm were not significantly different. G1/S abnormalities are crucial for the progression of malignant melanoma, and enhanced cyclin D1 and D3 expression leading to increased melanocyte proliferation is observed in both melanoma and dysplastic nevi. In histopathologically ambiguous cases, lower cyclin D3 expression in dysplastic nevi can be a diagnostic marker for that lesion type

Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Tests Used in Europe : Results of over 34,000 Patients from the European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management

Funding Information: This study was funded by Richen; however, clinical data were not accessible and the company was not involved in any stage of the Hp-EuReg study (design, data collection, statistical analysis, or manuscript writing). We want to thank Richen for their support. This project was promoted and funded by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology (AEG) and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd). The Hp-EuReg was co-funded by the European Union programme HORIZON (grant agreement number 101095359) and supported by the UK Research and Innovation (grant agreement number 10058099). The Hp-EuReg was co-funded by the European Union programme EU4Health (grant agreement number 101101252). Acknowledgments We want to especially thank Sylva-Astrik Torossian for her assistance in language editing. Natalia García Morales is the first author who is acting as the submission’s guarantor. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD