Avaliação de cultivares de milho colhido em duas alturas de corte para ensilagem

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, bromatological-chemical composition and digestibility of 11 corn cultivars (Zea mays) harvested at two cutting heights. Cultivars D 766, D 657, D 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, CO 9621 and BR 205 were evaluated when they were harvested 5 cm above ground (low) and 5 cm below the insertion of the first ear (high). The experiment was designed as random blocks, with three replicates, arranged in an 11 x 2 factorial scheme. Cultivars presented similar productions of forage dry matter and grains. Percentages of stalk, leaf, straw, cob and kernel fractions were different among cultivars, as well as dry matter content of the whole plant at harvest. Considering the whole plant, only the contents of gross energy, nitrogen in neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility did not differ among cultivars. Increase on the cutting height improved forage quality due to the reduction of stalk and leaf fractions and contents of cell wall constituents.Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar as características agronômicas, a composição químico-bromatológica e a digestibilidade de 11 cultivares de milho (Zea mays) colhido em duas alturas de corte. As cultivares D 766, D 657, D 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, CO 9621 e BR 205 foram avaliadas quando colhidas 5 cm acima do solo (baixa) e 5 cm abaixo da inserção da primeira espiga (alta). O experimento foi delineado como blocos casualizados, com três repetições, arranjados em esquema fatorial 11 x 2. Os cultivares apresentaram produções semelhantes de matéria seca de forragem e de grãos. As porcentagens das frações colmo, folha, palha, sabugo e grão diferiram entre os cultivares, assim como os teores de matéria seca da planta inteira no momento da colheita. Considerando a planta inteira, apenas os teores de energia bruta, nitrogênio da fração fibra em detergente neutro e a digestibilidade in vitro da fibra em detergente neutro e detergente ácido não diferiram entre os cultivares. O aumento da altura de corte melhorou a qualidade da forragem, devido à redução das frações colmo e folha e dos teores dos constituintes da parede celular

Valor nutritivo de genótipos de capim-elefante

The objective of this work was to assess the nutritive value of four elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes. The chemical composition, intake by sheep, and digestibility of different genotypes (G1, G2, G3, and G4) were evaluated. A dry matter (DM) digestibility assay was performed with total leftovers and feces collected from 20 sheep kept in metabolic cages. G3 had lower DM intake in grams per animal per day compared with G1 and G2, and it had greater digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber values. G1, G2, and G4 have the best nutritive values among the evaluated genotypes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o valor nutritivo de quatro genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum). Foram avaliados a composição química, o consumo por ovinos e a digestibilidade de diferentes genótipos (G1, G2, G3 e G4). A digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS) foi avaliada por meio da coleta total de sobras e fezes de 20 ovinos mantidos em gaiolas para ensaio de metabolismo. O G3 apresentou menor consumo de MS em gramas por animal por dia comparado ao G1 e ao G2, e maiores valores de digestibilidade, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Entre os genótipos avaliados, G1, G2 e G4 apresentam os melhores valores nutritivos

Características bromatológicas e digestibilidade in vitro de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas ou não à aplicação de cal virgem

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the bromatological characteristics and the in vitro digestibility of four sugarcane varieties, subjected or not to hydrolysis, with quicklime. A completely randomized design was employed with three replications arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four sugarcane varieties (SP 52454, RB 867515, RB 855536 and IAC 862480), hydrolyzed or not. There was significant effect on brix (p < 0.05) and industrial fiber (p < 0.05), and IAC 862480 variety had the lowest levels of industrial fiber. There were no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin levels among the sugarcane varieties under analysis and for the sugarcanes, hydrolyzed or not. The use of sugarcane hydrolysis with 1% quicklime improves the in vitro digestibility of NDF and ADF, regardless of the variety studied. Hydrolysis with 1% quicklime did not alter the sugarcane chemical composition

Silagem de milheto e de milho na dieta de vacas leiteiras

Objetivo-se avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula, 5 ou 20 mm e o uso ou não de Lactobacillus plantarum associado a Propionibacterium acidipropionici na silagem de milheto comparada a silagem de milho em três experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a temperatura das silagens, o gradiente de temperatura entre silagem e ambiente, e valores de pH antes e após o descarregamento da silagem em diferentes regiões de cinco silos de superfície. A temperatura antes e após a retirada da fatia de silagem, assim como o gradiente de temperatura entre silagem e ambiente em silos de milheto e milho é menor no estrato inferior do perfil. Silagens de milheto apresentam menores valores de pH no estrato inferior do silo, 5,1 e 4,3 antes e após o descarregamento, respectivamente. No segundo e terceiro experimentos, foram avaliadas dietas contendo silagem de milheto com partículas de 5 ou 20 mm e contendo ou não inoculante comparada a silagem de milho, sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade das dietas, produção e composição do leite, e comportamento ingestivo dos animais. Vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de milho produzem mais leite (17,4 kg/dia) corrigido para 3,5% de gordura do que vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de milheto (15,0 kg/dia), em maiores consumos de MS (16,9 kg/dia) e NDT (10,9 kg/dia). Silagem de milheto com 20 mm de tamanho de partículas proporciona boa eficiência produtiva comparada a silagem com 5 mm. O uso do inoculante na silagem de milheto não altera o consumo e a digestibilidade das dietas. Silagem de milho ou milheto, tamanho de partículas, e o uso do inoculante, não altera o tempo total despendido com alimentação, ruminação e ócio dos animaisThe purpose of the present study was to study the effects of 5 or 20 mm particle size, and the use or non use of Lactobacillus plantarum associated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici in millet silage compared to corn silage. In the first experiment were conducted to evaluate the temperature of the silage, the temperature gradient between silage and environment, and pH values before and after removal of slices of silage in different regions of five surfaces silos. The temperature before and after removal of the slice of silage, as well as the temperature gradient between the environment and the silage, in surface silos of millet and corn silage, is lower in the lower strata of the profile. Millet silage has lower pH values in the lower strata of the silo, 5,1 and 4,3 before and after unloading, respectively. The second and third experiments, diets containing millet with particle size of 5 or 20 mm, with or without inoculant, compared to corn silage on intake and digestibility of diets, the production and milk composition, and feeding behavior of animals were evaluates. Cows fed diets containing corn silage produced more milk (17.4 kg/day) corrected for 3.5% fat than cows fed diets containing millet silage (15.0 kg/day), higher intakes of DM (16,9 kg/day) and TDN (10.9 kg/day). Silage with 20 mm particle size, in the diet of dairy cows, leads to greater production efficiency. The use of inoculants in millet silage affects neither the consumption and digestibility of diets. Millet and corn silage, particle size, inoculants, does not alter the time spent on eating, ruminating and restring animalsCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Nutritional evaluation of elephant-grass silages with byproduct of annato

Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-elefante contendo subproduto do processamento do urucum. Vinte ovinos machos, não-castrados, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco dietas (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16% de subproduto de urucum na silagem) e quatro repetições, e utilizados para estimar o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes, o teor de nutrientes digestíveis totais e o balanço de nitrogênio. A adição de subproduto de urucum elevou os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), carboidratos totais e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), tanto em relação ao peso vivo (%PV) quanto em relação ao peso metabólico (g kg-1PV0,75). As digestibilidades de MS (55,95%), MO (58,19%), PB (45,34%), FDN (52,79%), FDA (45,79%), EE (34,96%) e CNF (99,86%) não foram influenciadas pela adição de subproduto de urucum. A inclusão de subproduto de urucum na silagem de capim-elefante promoveu aumento na digestibilidade dos carboidratos totais, no teor de NDT e no balanço de nitrogênio. A adição de subproduto de urucum em níveis de até 16% da matéria natural na ensilagem de capim-elefante melhora o consumo de nutrientes e o balanço de nitrogênio.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value of elephant-grass silages containing annato byproduct. Twenty intact rams were distributed in a complete randomized block design with five diets (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16% annato byproduct in the silage) and four replications and used to estimate the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, content of total digestible nutrients and nitrogen balance. The addition of annato byproduct raised the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in body weight (%BW) and in metabolic weight (g kg-1BW0.75). The digestibilities of DM (55.95%), OM (58.19%), CP (45.34%), NDF (52.79%), ADF (45.79%), EE (34.96%) and NFC (99.86%) were not influenced by the addition of annato byproduct. The inclusion of annato byproduct in elephant-grass silage increased digestibility of total carbohydrates, the TDN content and the nitrogen balance. The aditions of annato byproduct at levels up to 16% of the elephant grass silage natural matter improves nutrient intake and nitrogen balance

Intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance of elephant grass silages with mango by-product addition

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass silages with increasing levels of dried mango by-product (DMB). Five addition levels were studied (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) using 20 rams, in a randomized complete design with five treatments (addition levels) and four replications. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) intake and digestibility were evaluated, as well as the total digestible nutrients (TDN) and the silage nitrogen balance (NB). Mango by-product addition did not influence the DM, CP and TC intakes, the TDN level or the OM, CT and NFC digestibilities. On the other hand, DMB addition reduced the NDF and the ADF intakes, as well as the DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities, and the NB of the silages. There was also a increasing linear effect of DMB addition on the EE and NFC intakes, and on EE digestibility. The elephant grass silage with DMB by-product may not be used as a single feed to ruminants because it reduces the NDF and the ADF intakes and the DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities, as well as the nitrogen balance

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND BACTERIAL INOCULANT ON THE TEMPERATURE, DENSITY AND pH OF PEARL MILLET SILAGES

The present study aimed to investigate the temperature at different depths of the stack silo and strata front profile before and after the removal of silage. Also, the pH values in the upper and lower profile and the silage density of the fresh materials (FM) and dry matter (DM) in pearl millet silages with particle sizes of 5 or 20 mm, with or without inoculant, were assessed, using corn silage as controls. There was an interaction (P<0.05) silage × stratum profile and silage × depth profile for the temperatures before the removal of silage, and the pearl millet silages had lower temperatures in the upper stratum compared to corn. The temperature gradient between the silage and environment pearl millet and corn silos were smaller in the lower stratum profile. The temperature gradient after the removal of the silage was less than 50 cm deep at all the pearl millet silos. There were no differences in the densities of the FM and DM of the studied silages. The pH values of the silages before their removal were higher in the upper stratum and lower stratum in the bottom of all the pearl millet silages, in contrast with corn silage. The pearl millet silos had lower pH values in the lower stratum of the silo. Silages with 5 mm particle size provide lower temperatures in the middle portion of the panel before the removal of the silage. The use of bacterial inoculant in this study did not change the characteristics evaluated