Hidden Helpers at the Frontlines of Caregiving: Supporting the Healthy Development of Children from Military and Veteran Caregiving Homes

America's wounded, injured, or ill service members and veterans are usually cared for by the service members' or veterans' family members or friends. Research has identified that attending to the well-being of children, the "Hidden Helpers" living in these homes, was a critical next step to enhance support for military caregiving families.The return of service members who sustained or developed an illness or injury because of their military service can be disruptive for families as they learn to support them and establish new norms for operating as a family. Amid this disruption, families are often left wanting help. Caregiving consumes the time and energy of the adult caregiver, and children in many military caregiving homes consequently take on additional responsibilities—ranging from additional household chores to caregiving responsibilities for their injured or ill service member or veteran and responsibilities for siblings who would otherwise have been cared for by the adults in the home.Ultimately, children in military caregiving homes can get lost in their family's response to the needs of the care recipient. The Elizabeth Dole Foundation partnered with Mathematica to examine the impact of caregiving on children growing up in military caregiving homes to help address the national challenge of providing effective support to caregivers of all ages and backgrounds

Biodemographic and live cycle development comparison of three genetic populations of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).

Tribolium castaneum is a cosmopolitan parasite of dry agricultural products. It is harmful and must be the subject of a rational struggle to protect grains during the storage and preservation.Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate cycles of development of the populations genetically differentiated.Methodology and results: Grains of millet were placed in eight Petri dishes and infested by three (3) couples of T. castaneum aged between three to ten days for 24 hours. A follow up of the eggs from the laying up to the emergence of the adults was done in order to determine the duration of the different stages. The results showed that the T. castaneum cycle of development differ between those nondifferentiated ones. The average life development of the F1 of T. castaneum is 28.32±1.70 days in Djilas, 32.30±3.69 days in Karang and 31.07±2.23 days in Diaroume. The average life development of the F2 of T. castaneum in Djilas is 29.30±2.71 day’s 35.58±5.24 days in Karang and 33.36±4.21 days in Diaroume. Between populations genetically differentiated (Djilas and Karang on the one hand and between Djilas and Diaroume on the other hand) the gap of the cycle of development is significant. On the other, between Karang and Diaroume, two populations genetically no differentiated, the difference (gap) of the cycle of development is not significant. The sex ratio is in favour of females in the three localities and in the two generations.Conclusion and application of results: The producers should not mix their own grain to those from markets or other localities to avoid increasing the genetic diversity or introduce short-cycle populations in their storage areas. Indeed, populations of T. castaneum from Karang and Diaroume are genetically identical and have the same development cycle. The cycle of the population of T. castaneum of Djilas (less than 30 days) is shorter than the other two populations of Karang and Diaroume (over 30 days).Key words: Tribolium castaneum, genetic differentiation, cycle of development

A framework for Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) studies in Malawi: Report of a Wellcome Trust workshop on CHIM in Low Income Countries held in Blantyre, Malawi

Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies have pivotal importance in vaccine development, being useful for proof of concept, pathogenesis, down-selection and immunogenicity studies. To date, however, they have seldom been carried out in low and middle income countries (LMIC), which is where the greatest burden of vaccine preventable illness is found. This workshop discussed the benefits and barriers to CHIM studies in Malawi. Benefits include improved vaccine effectiveness and host country capacity development in clinical, laboratory and governance domains. Barriers include acceptability, safety and regulatory issues. The report suggests a framework by which ethical, laboratory, scientific and governance issues may be addressed by investigators considering or planning CHIM in LMIC

Diongama

Mbalax sound is characherised by Senegalese nder lead drum, sabar rhythm drum and tama talking drum percussion and African and Arabic vocalistic styling in the Wolof language that accompanies Western keyboard and other electronic guitar and brass instrument

Diggale

Mbalax sound is characherised by Senegalese nder lead drum, sabar rhythm drum and tama talking drum percussion and African and Arabic vocalistic styling in the Wolof language that accompanies Western keyboard and other electronic guitar and brass instrument